Medical Terminology Chap 5 - 5.1: Muscles and Tendons

Active

Causing action or change

Activity

The state of being active

Contract

Draw together or shorten

Fiber

A strand or filament

Multidisciplinary

Involving health care providers from more than one profession

Muscle

A tissue consisting of cells that can contract

Passive

Not active

Peristalsis

Waves of alternate constriction and relaxation in a tube

Skeletal

Pertaining to the skeleton

Tone

Tension present in resting muscles

Voluntary muscle

Muscle that is under the control of the will

Atrophy

The wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part

Hypertrophy

Increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element

Fascia

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue

Fibromyalgia

Pain in the muscle fibers; affects muscles and tendons all over the body, causing chronic pain, fatigue, and depression

Sprain

A wrench or tear in a ligament; often in the ankle, knee, or wrist, and is treated by RICE

Strain

Overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon

Tendon

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

Tendinitis

Inflammation of a tendon

What are the three types of muscle?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

What type of muscle contracts on demand?

Skeletal muscle

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

Provide posture, movement, body heat, respiration, and communication

ADL

Activities of daily living

DC

Doctor of Chiropractic

DO

Doctor of Osteopathy

OT

Occupational therapy

PT

Physical therapy

ROM

Range of motion

MD

Doctor of Medicine

How long are the narrow skeletal muscle fibers in your body?

Up to 1.5 inches

Fascia extends beyond the muscle to form a ______, which attaches to a bone’s periosteum at the origin and insertion of the muscle.

Tendon

Striations

Alternating dark and light bands of protein filaments responsible for muscle contraction

Skeletal muscle can also be called what?

Striated muscle

You have the same number of _____ _____ as an adult that you had in late childhood.

Muscle fibers

What does RICE stand for?

Rest, ice, compression, and elevation

Muscle soreness

Results from vigorous exercise, particularly if your muscles are not used to it. Exercise increases the lactic acid in your muscle fibers, causing inflammation, and produces soreness in the muscles and nearby connective tissue.

Muscle cramps

Sudden, short, painful contractions of a muscle or group of muscles. The cause of the cramps is unknown, but a poor diet that leads to low blood potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels; caffeine and tobacco use; and reduced blood supply may contribute to muscle cramps.

Muscle strains

Can be a simple stretch to a partial or complete tear in the muscle, tendon, or muscle-tendon combination. Most healed with RICE, followed by basic exercises to relieve pain and restore mobility, but a complete tear may require surgery.

Anabolic steroids

Related to testosterone but altered to make skeletal muscle hypertrophy; used illegally in many sports to boost muscle strength, steroids have noticeable, often irreversible side effects

What are the irreversible side effects of taking anabolic steroids?

Stunted growth in adolescents, shrinking testes and reduced sperm counts, masculinization of women’s bodies and voices, delusions, and paranoid jealousy. Long-term effects may be increased risk of heart attack and stroke, kidney failure, and liver tumors.

What is the treatment for fibromyalgia?

Pain management, physiotherapy, and stress reduction