Bacterial Pathogens of the Central Nervous System

A set of flashcards designed to help students review key concepts related to bacterial pathogens affecting the central nervous system as covered in their lecture on meningitis and related infections.

What are the typical symptoms of bacterial meningitis?

Unremitting headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, altered mental status, photophobia, drowsiness.

What is the key laboratory test for diagnosing bacterial meningitis?

Lumbar puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis.

What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?

Viruses, primarily enteroviruses.

Which bacteria is a common cause of meningitis in infants?

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae).

What can cause elevated opening pressure in CSF during acute bacterial meningitis?

Elevated intracranial pressure due to infection.

What is Brudzinski's sign?

A physical sign of meningitis where the hips and knees flex when the neck is flexed due to severe neck stiffness.

What does 'nuchal rigidity' refer to?

Stiffness of the neck indicating possible meningitis.

Which organism is most commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What prophylactic treatment is recommended for exposure to Neisseria meningitidis?

Rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone.

What role does the blood-brain barrier play in bacterial meningitis?

It acts as a natural barrier to the entry of infectious agents, but can be breached by certain bacteria.