BIO ch 19 Study Guide Version

Properties of a neuron with a resting potential

The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane

Properties of the action potential

The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and inside is positively charged.

Components of a chemical synapse

A synaptic bulb of a presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron

What happens when an impulse reaches a synapse

Chemical transmitters are released

State of the resting membrane potential

Polarized

Function of the nervous system

Sensory, integrated, and motor information travels along the action potential

Type of impulse conduction when current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node

Saltatory Conduction

Where neurotransmitters bind after being released in synapses

Receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

Type of neuron that can transmit a nerve impulse the fastest

A large diameter neuron with myelin

During which period no neuron can be sent through a neuron

The absolute refractory period

The role of calcium in synaptic transmission

Causes neurotransmitter release

Amines

Mostly found in the brain and CNS

Serotonin (an amine)

Thought to be involved in sensory perception, temperature regulation, control of mood, appetite, and induction of sleep

Dopamine (an amine)

Active during emotional responses, addictive behaviors, and pleasurable experiences; also helps regulate skeletal muscle tone

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (amines)

Play roles in arousal (awakening from deep sleep), dreaming, and regulating mood; norepinephrine is the main neurotransmitter used in the autonomic nervous system