Enlightenment

What did Voltaire fight for?

Freedom of religion, freedom of speech (thought and expression), use of reason, tolerance

What did John Locke believe men had?

Natural Rights

What are the natural rights?

Life Liberty Property

What did Hobbes think about men?

Men are nasty, brutish and short

What did Locke think was the purpose of government?

Protect the natural rights of men

Who studied the English system of government to develop separation of powers

Montesquieu

The best form of government according to Thomas Hobbes

Absolute monarchy

What does separation of power/checks and balances prevent?

absolute power by one group or person

Author of Two Treaties on Government.

John Locke

Author of Leviathan.

Thomas Hobbes

Author of The Spirit of the Laws & The Persian Letters

Montesquieu

The Enlightenment (define).

A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought.

Effect of the Enlightenment ideas on outside groups

Helped inspire revolutions in the American colonies and France

The Enlightenment changed beliefs about these four topics.

Government, religion, education, economics

Social contract.

an agreement between society and a government to hand over rights for law and order

Purpose of govt according to Hobbes

To prevent war and keep law and order

How did Enlightenment ideas spread?

Salons, pamphlets, Encyclopedie

Philosophes

Writers during the Enlightenment and who popularized the new ideas of the time.

Thomas Jefferson

Embraced ideas of the Enlightenment, which influenced his writing of the Declaration of Independence

authoritarian

presented as if from an expert

censorship

act of removing or holding back anything though not right for people to see or hear

clergy

people who are priests, ministers, or religious leaders

diplomat

person in government whose work is dealing with governments of other nations (good at dealing with others)

gravity

the force that pulls objects in the Earth's atmosphere toward the earth

limited monarchy

government in which a ruler shares his or her power with another government body such as Parliament

pessimist

someone who believes the worst will happen

philosophy

the study of human thought about the meaning of life & the natural world

plague

disease that is deadly & spreads rapidly

radical

relating to great changes or reforms

pseudonym

a "pen name" or a name used by an author in place of his or her real name

Sir Isaac Newton

wrote Principia- inspired confidence in science, reason & observation to understand & explain the natural world

divine right

belief that monarch's right to rule granted by God

Rene Descartes

wrote Discourse on Method- encouraged doubting everything except own existence until it was proved

Jefferson & Franklin

wrote Declaration of Independence

Madison

wrote Constitution

Scientific Revolution

using careful observation (scientific method) and rational thought to understand/explain the natural world