physical and inorganic definitions

periodicy

the repeating trends in chemical and physical properties

1st ionisation energy

the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of the gaseous element to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions

factors affecting ionisation energy

atomic radius, nuclear charge, electron shielding

reason for decrease in 1st IE between gr 2 and 3

in gr 3 outermost electrons are in p orbitals whereas on gr 2 outermost electrons in s orbital, so the electrons are easier to be removed

reason for decrease in 1st IE between gr 5 and gr 6

gr 5 electrons in p orbital are unpaired. gr 6 outermost electrons are paired, with some repulsion and are easier to remove

properties of giant metallic lattices

• high melting and boiling pt

• good electrical conductors

• malleable

• ductile

ductile metal

metal that can be stretched

malleable metal

can be shaped into different forms

most reactive gr 2 metal

barium

physical properties of gr 2

• high melting and boiling pts

• low density metals

• form colourless (white) compounds

reason for increasing reactivity down gr 2

electrons lost more easily because larger atomic radius and more shielding

electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

nucleophile

electron pair donor

electrophile

electron pair acceptor