UN Collective Security/PKO

What is collective security?

All member states agree to act together to maintain international peace and security

What are the main premises/assumptions on collective security?

A2: renounce force, peaceful settlement (and A33-38)

One state violates = collective action (39-42)

SC acts on behalf of all states (24)

Carry out SC decisions (25)

What is the mechanism of collective security?

7: Don’t disturb domestic matters, but this doesn’t change later articles

39: Identifies threat

41: Forceful action

42: Force

43-47: Member states can join in on the force

How does the UN Charter operationalize collective security? Discuss the basic framework by referring to the relevant Chapters/Articles of the Charter.

1-2: Peace is primary purpose

24-26: SC enforces, main body

33-38: Pacific settlement

39-47: Force

52-54: Regional forces

What is UN peacemaking? Discuss the examples and relevant articles/chapters of the UN Charter.

Chapter 6, bring hostile parties to agreement through peaceful means, such as mediation through the SC (judicial settlement, negotiation, etc)

What is UN peace enforcement? Discuss the examples and relevant articles/chapters of the UN Charter.

Chapter 7, use of force to ensure compliance (43) or forceful action (42)

What is UN peacekeeping? Any relevant articles/chapters of the UN Charter? Compare it with peacemaking and peace enforcement and discuss similarities and differences.

Chapter 6.5, not directly mentioned, but it is the step between when ceasefires and negotiations are heavily monitored in order to ensure compliance

What is the origin of traditional peacekeeping?

UK involvement in monitoring the truces post WWII, superpowers threatened collective security, UNEF

What are the major characteristics of traditional peacekeeping?

No peace enforcement, but monitors ceasefire, separates combatant forces, controls buffer zones

Consent of involved parties

Neutrality

Limited use of force, just for self defense

Managed by Secretariat, which implements the mandates

Mandate and composition of traditional UN peacekeeping?

Mandate: Aims, size, scope

Composition: Small military, voluntary, ad hoc basis (specific groups for specific conflicts)

What is the management of traditional UN peacekeeping?

Management: SC (authorizes, defines), SG (implements with help of SRSG and DPO), DPO, contributing countries, GA (budgets, political oversight)

How to implement traditional UN peacekeeping?

SC defines objectives

DPO creates a concept of operations, SRSG is chosen

Troops are deployed

Violations reported to SC/SG