Week 1 key concepts: Professionalism, Evidence based practice, Cariaviors With 100% correct answers already graded A+

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Who is Florence Nightingale and what did she do as well as believe? (pp week 1)

- Founder of modern nursing

- Nursing is separate and distinct & should be taught by nurses

- Continuing education is important for all nurses

- Born in wealthy family (1830)

- Became nurse at 31

- Managed and reformed a charity hospital for ill governesses

- Commissioned to select and train nurses for the Crimean war (1853)

- Cleaned the area and fought against infections

- 1847 she used aseptic techniques to fight against infection

- Reduced death rate from 16% to 1%

- 4 ways she did this

- cleaned wards

- improved sanitation

- improved ventilation

- improved nutrition

WWII Nurses Role (pp week 1)

- Women worked outside of the home

- War required need for nurses

- Education and role of nurses was expanded

- Schools of nursing developed in universities

21st Century Nursing (pp week 1)

- Universal health coverage

- 2020 nurses on frontlines

National League of Nursing (NLN) (pp week 1)

- Open to all people (nurses, non nurses, agencies)

- Established in 1952

- Purpose: to foster the development and improvement of all nursing services and education

American Nursing Association (ANA) (pp week 1)

- Professional organization for nurses in the U.S.

- Policy statement (2010): Nurses focus on human experiences and responses to birth, health, illness, and death within the context of people, families, groups and communities. The knowledge base for nursing practice includes diagnosis, interventions, and evaluation of outcomes from an established care plan. In addition, the nurse integrates objective data with knowledge gained from an understanding of the patient's or group's subjective experience, applies scientific knowledge in the nursing process and other clinical judgment models, and provides a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing

The 4 Nursing Aims of Practice (pp week 1)

Central focus in the patient and includes the physical, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions of that person

1. To promote health

2. To prevent illness

3. To restore health

4. To facilitate coping with disability or death

Meeting competencies QSEN (pp week 1)

- QSEN: Quality and Safety Education of Nurses:

- Patient centered care

- Teamwork & Collaboration

- Quality improvement

- Safety

- Evidence based practice

- Informatics

Nursing skills (pp week 1)

- Cognitively: thinks about nature of things, uses critical thinking and clinical judgement

- Technically: manipulates equipment skillfully

- Interpersonally: establishes and maintains caring relationships

- Ethically & Legally: uses moral codes, professional roles and responsibilities

Roles of the nurse (pp week 1)

●Communicator: having good interpersonal skills

●Teacher: educate patients in their healthcare

●Counselor: supporting and counseling patients through difficult times

●Leader: Inspiring others and self to transform a shared vision into reality

●Researcher: Evidence based practice

●Advocate: advocates for patient; follows their needs and wants

●Collaborator: talk with patient and collaborate with both healthcare team and patient

Nursing as a Professional Discipline (pp week 1)

- Nursing is a profession: involved specialized skills and application of knowledge based on an education that has both theoretical and clinical practice and components

- Guided by standards

- Code of ethics

- Students

Professional Formation/Professional Identity (pp week 1)

●Think like a nurse

○Care should be evidenced based and scientific

○Be creative and strategic when planning care

○Be humble and ask for help

●Act like a nurse

○Always be concerned for your patients well being

○Prioritize safety at all times - do no harm

○Create a culture where everyone is doing the right thing

●Feel like a nurse

○Take pride in your work

○Be empathetic

Practice self compassion

●Defined as a sense of oneself, and in relationship with others, that is influenced by the characteristics, norms and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting and feeling like a nurse.

●Professional identity: enables one to attach meaning to their work as well as to develop a sense of self and perception of belonging.

Goal is to become a competent, compassionate, responsible professional who can be trusted by the public you serve. Our goal as educators is to guide you through the process of professional identity development and thinking , acting and feeling like a nurse

Education of nurses (pp week 1)

●LPN- 1 year

●RN- 2 year (Associate), 2-3 years (Diploma), 4 years (Baccalaureate)

●Graduate Nursing (Nurse Practitioner)

●Continuing Education- (CEU's)

●In-service Education

Professional Nursing Organizations (pp week 1)

●ANA: American Nurses Association

●NLN: National League for Nurses

●AACN: American Association of Colleges of Nursing

●National Student Nurse Association (1951): Practices self governance and advocates for student and patient rights

Guidelines for nursing practice (pp week 1)

●Standards of Nursing Practice: ANAs 2015 Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice definition

- Each nurse is accountable for their quality of practice and is responsible for the use of these standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe and comprehensive nursing care

●Nurse Practice Acts

- Created by each state (each state has their own)

- Laws established in each state to regulate the practice of nursing

- Used to protect the public

- Has rules and regulations which define the terms and activities in nursing and legal requirements for an RN or LPN

●Licensure: board of nursing for each state has legal authority to allow graduates of accredited schools to take the licensure exam (NCLEX)

- Many states require continuing educations to renew your license

●Code of Ethics and Professional Values: provide foundation of nursing practice and guide interactions of patients and colleagues

●Nursing Process: guideline for nursing process

Current Trends in Health care & Nursing + Self care STOP (pp week 1)

●Challenges to nursing practice in the 21st Century

- Growing population of older adults

- More acutely ill patients in hospital

- Increasing healthcare costs

●ANA: TRENDS

- Nursing shortages

- Jobs outside of hospital setting

●TRENDS FOR EDUCATION

- Research

- Cost of healthcare

- Impact on health policy

- Education of the consumer

● Self Care

- Compassion fatigue: loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care

- Burnout: state of frustration with the work environment that develops over a long period of time

- Secondary traumatic stress: feeling of despair caused by transfer of emotions

- STOP

- Step back

- Take a few breaths

- Observe inside yourself

- Perceive after you pause

Evidence Based Practice (pp week 1)

● Problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available to ensure optimal patient outcomes

● Rationales come from different disciplines

●Nurses make decision everyday on care of patient

●Rationale for Using Evidence-Based Practice:

- assists nurse in making critical clinical decisions

●Search engine: CINAHL

●Implementing EBP

○Step 1: PICOT (formulate clinical question)

○Step 2: search for best evidence (collect data based on that question)

○Step 3: appraisal of evidence (read data and look for similarities)

○Step 4: Integrate (integrate practice into patient's care)

○Step 5 : evaluate (evaluate results after implementation)

○Step 6: EBP change, share (share results with others)

Nursing Knowledge (pp week 1)

●Nursing is about knowledge & Application of knowledge through interventions.

● Knowledge: awareness of reality acquired through learning or investigation

● Nurses collect, organize, and arrange facts to build a knowledge base

●Types of knowledge

○Traditional: passed down from generation to generation

○Authoritative: comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on a person's perceived expertise

○Scientific: obtained through scientific method, new ideas are tested and measured

Framework of Nursing Theory (pp week 1)

●Theory: group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality

●Concepts: abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality (bricks or pieces)

●Conceptual framework or model: group of concepts that follow an understanding of patterns (blueprints)

●Nursing Theory: relationships among humans, health and environment of nursing. It differentiates nursing from other disciplines. Theories are tested through research to meet over the changing society.

Nursing Research (pp week 1)

●Research: to examine carefully or to search again. Research can define or validate our current knowledge.

- Scientific inquiry: process that uses observable and verifiable information, collected in a systematic manner to describe, explain or predict events.

●Improves Nursing care

●Evolution of Nursing Research: nightingale

- Kept data in books to evaluate nursing interventions

●At the master's and doctoral levels perform research. They improve and reform nursing practice.

●1985: National Institute of Nursing Research created from ANA

○Goals of types of nursing research to be conducted (2016)

■Symptom science

■Wellness

■Self management

■End of life and palliative care

■Promoting innovations

●Methods of Conducting Nursing Research

○Quantitative: objective, visually see results

○Qualitative: gain insight by discovering meanings, based on perceptions, can change over time, uses a narrative and numbers to analyze data

●Protection of the Rights of Human Subjects

- sign informed consent

●Application of Research to Practice

- nurses have to support and implement new practice

EBP PICOT (pp week 1)

COMPONENTS CONSIDERATIONS (formulating question)

P = Patient, population, or problem of interest

I = Intervention of interest

C = Comparison of interest

O = Outcome of interest

T = Time (comparison of interest is completed)

Quality Improvement (pp week 1)

- systematic and continuous actions that lead to measurable improvement in health care services and the health status of targeted patient groups, patients needs and expectations will now be met using EBP

Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring (week 1 materials)

● Concerned with how nurses express care to patients

● Stresses the humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge & nursing practice

● Focuses on health promotion as well as the treatment of diseases

● Caring is central to nursing practice & promotes health better than a simple medical cure

● Belief that a holistic approach to health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing

● Person/Human beings: Valued person to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood, &assisted. A human is viewed as greater than & different from the sum of his or her parts.

● Environment: 10 caring needs called the carative factors

● Health: a high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning, a general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning, the absence of illness, or the presence of efforts leading to the absence of illness.

● Nursing: science of person & health-illness experience mediated by professional, personal, scientific, & ethical care interactions.

● Through Watson’s 10 Caritas processes theory, nurses & students are taught to care for patient’s all-around well being, their physical health, but also their emotional & spiritual state.

● Caring: Applied to daily nursing practice; An action and competency that aims toward the good & welfare of others; A special way of being, knowing, and doing with the goal of protection, enhancement and preservation of human dignity.

● Common Concepts in Nursing Theories:

● The person/patient*** Most important

● The environment

● Health

● Nursing