Pharm1 - Allergic reactions/Congestion (EXAM3)

Antihistamines

These medications reduce the action of histamines; reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching

H1

What receptor site is our main focus of this unit?

allergic reaction, extreme cold, cellular injury

What triggers cause the release of histamines? (3)

Bronchioconstriction, cough, edema, mucus secretion, Pruritus

What are 5 possible results that these triggers (allergic reaction, extreme cold, and cellular injury) can lead to?

Pruritus

(def) severe itching

allergic rhinitis, food allergy, drug allergy, contact dermatitis

What are the different types of reactions that histamines cause? (4)

Bendaryl (Diphenhydramine)

What is a popular example of an H1 receptor antagonist?

Block histamine receptor sites

What is the action of H1 receptor antagonist?

most hypersensitivity reaction (also used prophylactically)

What is the main use for H1 receptor antagonist?

children under 6

Who is Benadryl not often recommended for?

CNS depression, neuro impairment, anxiety/agitation, anticholinergic effects

What are the 4 adverse effects of H1 receptor antagonists?

cant see, cant pee, cant spit, cant shit (dry up)

What is the mnemonic that consists of *4 cant's* to help remember anticholinergic effects?

Promethezine

What is another example of a histamine 1 receptor antagonist which is also called Hydroxyzine Percolate?

nausea, vomiting

What is Promethazine commonly used for? (2)

- Not first line treatment for allergic reaction

sedation

What is a secondary use for Promethazine?

bind with peripheral receptors (to decrease adverse effects)

What do second generation H1 receptor antagonists do? (bind)

decrease adverse effects

When second generation H1 receptor antagonists bind with peripheral receptors what happens?

seasonal allergies

What are the uses of second generation H1 receptor antagonists?

Zyrtec

What is 1 example of an second generation H1 receptor antagonists that is also called Cetrizine?

Claritin

What is 1 example of an second generation H1 receptor antagonists that is also called Loratadine?

1st generation, 2nd generation

Third generation H1 receptor antagonists have similar actions to which others? (2)

seasonal allergies, congestion (if combined)

What are the 2 main uses for Third generation H1 receptor antagonists?

- Safer than 1st generation

common cold, rhinitis, sinusitis

What are the 3 things that nasal congestion, bronchial secretions, and coughs cause?

Rhinitis

(def) inflammation of the nose/ nasal membranes

Sinusitis

(def) inflammation of the sinuses

Sudafed

What is a common example of a nasal decongestant? (Hint: pseudoephedrine)

adrenergic receptors

What receptors do nasal decongestants work on?

vasoconstriction

Nasal decongestants cause a decrease in blood flow and a decrease in inflammation. What is the reason these two things happen?

cardiac (history of heart problems)

Since nasal decongestants cause vasoconstriction, what kind of patients may you want to be more aware of when giving these medications?

allergies, cough, cold

What 3 things are nasal decongestants used for?

Delsym

What is a common example of an Antitussives? (Hint: dextromethorphan)

when cough interferes with sleep

When are Antitussives used?

cough suppressant

What do Antitussives do?

Tessalon pearls

What is another common drug that is a cough suppressant and is also called Benzonatate?

Afrin

What is another common drug that is a nasal decongestant spray and is also called Oxymetazoline?

pneumonia

What condition does stroke often increase the chances of someone getting due to decreased movement from stroke?

Mucinex

What is a common example of an Expectorant? (hint: Guaifenesin)

decrease mucus secretion viscosity (thins mucus)

What is the action of the expectorant group (Mucinex)?

productive cough, pneumonia, bronchitis

What are the 3 main uses for expectorants?

rash, headache, N/V

What are 3 common side effects of expectorants?

Incentive spirometry

A non-pharmacological intervention pictured here

cough, increase fluid intake, ambulation, chest physiotherapy

Other than deep breathing exercises, what are 4 Non-pharmacological interventions that can be used for increased mucus secretion?

chest oscillation therapy

What example is pictured of a non-pharmacological intervention?

zinc sulfate, vitamin C, echinacea

What are 3 common herbal remedies?

reduce length and severity of cold

What two things does zinc sulfate help with? (1 sentence)

reduce incidence of cold and flu

What two things does Vitamin C help with? (1 sentence)

unknown action (but helps with immune system in someway)

What does Echinacea help with?