PAP EXAM

Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis

Origin: Posterior iliac crest, Posterior aspect of sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process

Insertion: Angles of lower ribs to cervical TPs

Action: Bilateral - Extension

Nerve: Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Erector Spinae: Longissimus

Origin: Posterior iliac crest, Posterior aspect of sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process

Insertion: Superiorly to ribs to TP's mastiod process

Action: Unilateral: Lateral Flexion

Nerve: Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Erector Spinae: Spinalis

Origin: Posterior iliac crest, Posterior aspect of sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process

Insertion: SPs to cervical

Action: Unilateral: Lateral Flexion

Nerve: Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manbrium

Insertion: Mastiod Process

Action: Unilateral: Lateral Flexion + Contralateral Rotation Bilateral: Extenstion, Flexion of lower neck + Elevatioin of sternum

Nerve: CN XI (11)

Scalenes - Anterior, Middle + Posterior

Origin:

Anterior - TVPS C3-C6

Middle - TVPS C5-C7

Posterior - TVPS C5-C8

Insertion:

Anterior/ Middle - 1st Rib

Posterior - 2nd Rib

Action: Lateral Neck Flexion + Elevates ribs respiration

Nerve: Anterior rami of cervical spine nerves

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal fossa of Parietal bone

Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Action: Elevation + Retraction of mandible

Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic Arch

Insertion: Lateral surface of ramus mandible

Action: Elevation + Protaction of mandible

Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve

Rhomboids Minor + Major

Origin:

Minor - SPs of C7 + T1

Major - SPs of T2-T5

Insertion:

Minor - Medial Border of Scapula at the root of Spine

Major - Medial border of Scapula inferior to Spine

Action: Retraction, Elevation + Downward Rotation

Nerve: Dorsal Scapula Nerve

Trapezius - Upper, Middle + Lower

Origin:

Upper - External occiptal protuberance, Medial superior nuchal line, Ligamental nuchae, SPs C7

Middle - SPs of T1 - T5

Lower - SPs T6 - T12

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle; acromion, spine of Scapula

Action:

Upper - External + Lateral Flexion of Head / Neck, Elevation + Upward Rotation of Scapula

Middle - Retraction of Scapula

Lower - Depression + Upward rotation of Scapula

Nerve: CN XI (11) C3 + C4 spinal nerves provide sensory (proprioception)

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Spinous Process T7-L5, Crest of ilium + Sacrum, Lower 4 Ribs

Insertion: Intertubular Groove of Humerus

Action: Extenstion, Adduction, Medial Rotation of Arm + Anterior tilt of Pelvis

Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Upper 9 Ribs

Insertion: Anterior surface of Vertebral border of Scapula

Action: Protraction, Upward Rotation of Scapula

Nerve: Long Thoraic Nerve (C5, C6,C7)

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Medial half of Clavicle, Sternum, Costal Cartilage (1st - 7th Ribs)

Insertion: Lateral Lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus

Action: Flexion, Adbuction, Medial Rotation, Horizontal Abduction of Arm

Nerve: Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8, T1 + Lateral Pectoral Nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Deltiod

Origin: Lateral Clavicle, Acromion, Spine of Scapula

Insertion: Deltiod Tuberosity

Action: Abduction + Lateral Rotation of Shoulder, Flexion, Medial Rotation of Arm

Nerve: Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

Subscapularis

Origin: Supscapular Fossa

Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus

Action: Medial Rotation of Shoulder

Nerve: Upper + Lower Subscapular Nerve

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinious Fossa

Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Action: Abduction of Shoulder Joint

Nerve: Supscapular Nerve

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinious Fossa

Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Action: External Rotation of Shoulder

Nerve: Supscapular Nerve

Teres Minor

Origin: Superior Lateral border of Scapula

Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Action: External Rotation of Shoulder

Nerve: Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

Teres Major

Origin: Inferior Lateral border of Scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubular sulcus of Humerus

Action: Internal Rotation, Adduction + Extenstion of Shoulder

Nerve: Lower Subscapular Nerve

Biceps Brachii - Short + Long

Origin:

Short - Coracoid Process of Scapula

Long - Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity + Fascia of Forearm via Bicipital aponeurosis

Action: Flexion of the Arm at Shoulder + Forearm + Supination

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Triceps Brachii - Long, Lateral + Medial

Origin:

Long - Infranglenoid Tubercle

Lateral - Lateral, Posterior Humerus

Medial - Posterior surface of Humerus

Insertion: Olecranon Process of Ulna

Action:

Long - Extension of the Forearm + Arm

Lateral / Medial - Extension of the Forearm

Nerve: Radial Nerve

Coracbrachialis

Origin: Coracoid Process of Scapula

Insertion: Middle 3rd of the Medial surface of Humerus

Action: Flexion of Arm at Shoulder Joint + Adduction of the Arm

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Common Exentsor Tendon

Origin: The Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion:

Action: Extension of the wrist (radiocarpal joint) and the fingers (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)

Nerve: Radial Nerve

Pronator Teres

Origin:

Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)Ulnar Head: Coronoid process of ulnaus

Insertion: Middle of the lateral surface of radius

Action: Pronation of forearm

Nerve: Median (C6,C7)