Unit 3: Module 11

lesion

tissue destruction

Electroencephologram (EEG)

an amplified recording of the waves
of electrical activity sweeping
across the brain's surface. These
waves are measured by electrodes
placed on the scalp.

CT (computed tomography) scan (CAT scan)

a series of X-ray photographs
taken from different angles and
combined by computer into a
composite representation of a slice
of the brain's structure.

PET (position emission tomography) scan

a visual
display of brain activity that detects
where a radioactive form of glucose
goes while the brain performs a
given task.

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

a technique that uses
magnetic fields and radio waves
to produce computer -generated
images of soft tissue

MRI

shows brain anatomy

ventricles (def)

fluid filled brain areas

ventricles (fill-in-the-blank)

schizophrenic patients have enlarged _____________

fMRI (functional MRI)

a technique for revealing bloodflow
and, therefore, brain activity by
comparing successive MRI scans

fMRI

shows brain function and structure

brainstem (def)

the oldest part and
central core of the brain, beginning
where the spinal cord swells as it
enters the skull; the ____________ is
responsible for automatic survival
functions.

brainstem (pic)

medulla (def)

the base
of the brainstem; controls heartbeat
and breathing

medulla (pic)

pons

above medulla; coordinates movements

pons (pic)

the brainstem (fill-in-the-blank)

_______________ is the crossover point between one side of the brain and the opposite side of the body

thalamus

the brain's sensory control center,
located on top of the brainstem;
it directs messages to the sensory
receiving areas in the cortex and
transmits replies to the cerebellum
and medulla.

thalamus (pic)

smell

thalamus receives info from all senses but ___________

reticular formation

a nerve
network that travels through the
brainstem and thalamus and plays
an important role in controlling
arousal.

reticular formation (pic)

cerebellum (def)

the "little brain" at the
rear of the brainstem; functions
include processing sensory input,
coordinating movement output and
balance, and enabling nonverbal
learning and memory.

cerebellum (pic)

older

__________ brain functions occur without any conscious effort

limbic system (def)

neural system
(including the hippocampus,
amygdala, and hypothalamus)
located below the cerebral
hemispheres; associated with
emotions and drives.

hippocampus (def)

processes conscious memories

amygdala (def)

two lima-bean- sized neural clusters in
the limbic system; linked to emotion

amygdala (fill-in-the-blank)

the _______________ is linked to aggression and fear

hypothalamus

a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several
maintenance activities (eating,
drinking, body temperature), helps
govern the endocrine system via
the pituitary gland, and is linked to
emotion and reward.

hypothalamus (pic)

reward centers

hypothalamus has _____________

reward deficiency syndrome

a genetically disposed deficiency in the natural brain systems for pleasure and well-being that leads people to crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or relieves negative feelings