HDFS 201 Exam 3

what are the three components of Sternberg's love triangle?

intimacy, commitment, passion

commitment

what is the cognitive component of Sternberg's love triangle?

intimacy

what is the emotional component of Sternberg's love triangle?

passion

what is the motivational component of Sternberg's love triangle?

commitment

a cognitive attachment to another person. It develops over time, beginning slowly and increasing at a faster rate if the relationship is positive

intimacy

involves sharing feelings and providing emotional support. it usually entails high levels of self-disclosure, the sharing of personal information not ordinarily revealed because of the risk involved

passion

usually expressed by touching, kissing, and being affectionate, which are linked to physiological arousal; it is also expressed through sexual interactions

addiction

passion is like an _______________; when it ends, a person can experience withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and depression

non-love

occurs when there is no commitment, intimacy, or passion

liking

begins when there is just intimacy, but no passion or commitment

infatuation

involves passion only

empty love

there is commitment but no passion or intimacy

romantic love

has both intimacy and passion, but is lacking in commitment

fatuous love

occurs when a couple is committed on the basis of passion but has not had the time to develop true intimacy (for example, two people fall in love and, after seeing each other only on weekends for 2 months, get married)

companionate love

more characteristic of couples who have been married for years. these couples have both commitment and intimacy, but they lack the passion they had when they were first married

consummate love

complete love, containing all three dimensions. it is the goal of most couples

jealousy

an emotional response to a real or perceived threat to a valued relationship

self-defeating

jealousy is seen by therapists as a _______________ emotion

collectivistic

friendship is more important to those in _______________ cultures

false

true or false: according the Levy, Kelly, and Jack (2006), there are gender differences in the frequency, duration, and intensity of jealous feelings when one's partner becomes emotionally or sexually involved with another person

mutual attraction and love

women during the 1980s expected _______________ in a partner

high social status

modern-day women expect their partner to have the potential ability to earn money or have a _______________.

females

_______________ are more likely to follow the path to greater intimacy

males

_______________ feel greater intimacy through doing activities together

females

_______________ feel greater intimacy through self-disclosure

intimate experience

an _______________ is one in which we feel close or share ourselves with another person

intimate relationship

an _______________ is one in which we share intimate experiences in several areas over time, with expectations that this sharing will continue

communication, couple closeness, couple flexibility, personality compatibility, conflict resolution

what are the five areas in couple relationships that contribute to couple satisfaction (in order of most to least important)?

facial features

attractiveness is usually determined by _______________.

destructive intimacy games

when people conceal what they really want and instead attempt to manipulate the partner into doing or giving them what they want

zero-sum game

one person winning what the other person loses; hence the score of the game comes to zero

attachment theory

focuses on how children develop attachment to their caregivers, usually their parents, in infancy

parent-arranged marriages

_______________ are based on the principle that the elders in a community have the wisdom to select the appropriate spouse.

true

true or false: parent-arranged marriages are usually very stable, and divorce is almost unheard of

couple-arranged marriage

a marriage in which the couple is free to chose if they want to get married

industrialization

the movement away from arranged marriage appears to be related to _______________.

false

true or false: single people over 65 do not date and are not sexually active

the mating gradient

the tendency of women to marry men who are better educated or more successful than they are

sex ratio

indicates the relationship between the number of men and the number of women of a given age

true

true or false: men have historically and continue to outnumber women in the US population

they have never married

older men especially look for marriage because _______________.

fear of disapproval

why are older people secretive about their dating activities?

infant mortality rates

in the context of the sex ratio, men have outnumbered and continue to outnumber women in the US population because of _______________

does not

whether individuals have similar personalities or different personalities, it _______________ impact marital satisfaction

endogamy

the culturally prescribed practice or tradition of choosing a mate from within one's own group

exogamy

the practice or tradition of choosing a mate from outside one's own group

values, acculturation, religion, race, sex and sex roles, socioeconomic differences, cultural familiarity, extended-family agreement

what are the 8 factors that most influence the degree of adjustment?

exchange theory

focuses on how relationships are developed based on rewards received between partners

equity theory

focuses on what is fair and unfair in relationships, and is also used to explain and describe mate selection behaviors

life course theories

used to describe how individuals and couples transition throughout different stages in life

feminist theory

focuses on gender

sociobiological theory

emphasizes how evolutionary factors affect romantic and sexual preferences

intimate partner violence

verbal, emotional, physical, or sexual abuse directed at a romantic partner

cohabitation

two unrelated adults of the opposite sex sharing the same living quarters

false

true or false: according to a study on cohabitation, it was found that middle class couples moved in with their romantic partners more quickly than did working class couples

religious, moral, and philosophical

on what grounds to people criticize cohabiting relationships?

true

true or false: black women who were married actually reported poorer health than unmarried black women

interdependent

the more mature and independent two people are, the easier it is for them to develop an _______________ relationship that can facilitate intimacy

premarital inventory

a _______________ increases the couple's awareness o the strengths and potential problem areas in their relationship, and also helps the couple discuss their relationship

12 months

a good premarital program should start _______________ before marriage and last 6-8 weeks

debt brought into marriage, balancing job and marriage, frequency of sexual relations, expectation about household tasks, financial decision making, and communication

rank the problems faced by newlywed couples in the order of importance from the most important to the least important

vitalized couples

couples that have strengths in communication, conflict resolution, their sexual relationship, and finances. Only a small percentage of these couples had ever considered a divorce.

harmonious couples

couples that have fewer strengths than vitalized couples, but are particularly satisfied with their ability to resolve conflicts and their role relationship

conventional couples

couples that, although they are generally happy, did not do as well as vitalized and harmonious couples when it came to personality compatibility, communication, and conflict resolution. Have strengths in spiritual beliefs, having traditional roles, and a network of supportive family and friends

conflicted couples

couples that were unhappy, with few strengths and multiple areas where they needed growth. They had low scores in communication and conflict resolution

devitalized couples

couples that were very unhappy; almost all consider divorce; many seek marital therapy or marriage enrichment

single parents

according to Wilcox, which of the types of parents are least happy?

purpose

although the marital happiness of couples may decline with the addition of children, a sense of _______________ may replace the marital satisfaction

generous

being _______________ to each other is one of the factors that contributes to having a high marital quality for couples with children

true

true or false: during a couple's transition to parenthood, the relationships with their family of origin change

the child-free alternative

the decision by married or cohabiting adults not to have children

false

true or false: men are more accepting of childlessness than women are

accelerated-consensus trajectory

Have political or personal reasons for not wanting children. These couples discussed the issue of not having children early on in their relationship, and the issue typically did not come up with any regularity after that

mutual-negotiation trajectory

these individuals came into their relationships without prior discussion about having or not having children. many on this trajectory experienced stress in their communication process

unilateral-persuasion trajectory

these individuals were part of couples where one spouse was committed to being child-free and that person convinced the undecided partner that being child-free was the best option for their marriage

bilateral-persuasion trajectory

these individuals were in relationships in which they disagreed completely in their family planning perspectives. one spouse wanted to be child free and the other wanted children

true

true or false: according to the study by Durham and Braithwaite (2009) on voluntary childlessness, individuals in the unilateral-persuasion trajectory experienced lots of conflict and stress regarding the reproductive issue

parental support

the amount of caring, closeness, and affection that a parent exhibits or gives to a child

parental control

the amount of flexibility that a parent uses in enforcing rules and disciplining a child

democratic parenting

parents establish clear rules and expectations and discuss them with the child

balanced

the democratic parenting style is similar to the _______________ type of system in the Couple and Family map

authoritarian parenting

parents establish rigid rules and expectations and strictly enforce them

permissive parenting

parents let the child's preferences take priority over their ideals and rarely force the child to conform to their standards

rejecting parenting

parents do not pay much attention to the child's needs and seldom have expectation regarding how the child should behave

uninvolved parenting

parents often ignore the child, letting the child's preferences prevail as long a those preferences do not interfere with the parents' activities

democratic

_______________ parenting works the best

bidirectional effects

both the effects of the child on the parent and those of the parent on the child

psychodynamic theory

emphasizes the importance of providing a positive emotional environment for the child, who needs to believe that the world is a safe and good place an that parents can be trusted to be kind and consisitent

organismic theory

stems from an interest in cognitive development. Child-thought is primitive and mystical; young children have only the beginnings of logical reasoning. Thought processes develop slowly toward higher forms into adulthood. encourages parents to select toys and activities that are developmentally appropriate for their children.

behaviorists

focus on accentuating the positive, also known as reinforcement

learning theories

behaviorists operate from _______________

unfriendly

children brought up in an authoritarian parenting environment tend to be _______________.

domineering

children of permissive-style parents are often _______________.

immature

children raised by parents who adopt the rejecting parenting style are often _______________.

chaotically disengaged

as the uninvolved style of parenting becomes more extreme, it moves toward the _______________ pattern in the couple and family map

lower substance abuse

in contrast to neglectful parenting, authoritarian parenting results in _______________.

a lower GPA

in contrast to democratic parenting, permissive parenting of children results in _______________.

lower self-esteem

what is a common effect of both the authoritarian and the neglectful styles of parenting?

cascading circumstances

cumulative or _______________ can build up to the point that parents use harsh discipline with their children such as hitting, spanking, or yelling.

coparenting

the process by which mothers and fathers coordinate and support one another's parenting efforts