Amsco Term Column 2

Pueblo/Pueblo’s Revolt

Pueblo were Native Americans people who inhabited the Southwestern (New Mexico, Arizona, Texas) United States, known for their adobe dwellings. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a response to Spanish colonization in New Mexico.

Treaty of Tordesillas

An agreement between Spain and Portugal, signed in 1494, that divided newly discovered lands outside Europe along a meridian line.

Mestizos

People of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry, significant in the colonial societies of Latin America.

Mulattos

People of mixed European and African (black and white) ancestry, playing a key role in the social structure of colonial Latin America.

hugenots

French Protestants persecuted for their beliefs, who played a significant role in religious and political conflicts in France and followed the teachings of John Calvin

Richard Haklugt

10th Century English writer and colonial promoter, known for his works advocating for English colonization of North America.

King Philip/Spanish Armada

The Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England in 1588, but was ultimately defeated, leading to a shift in naval power.

Hernando De Soto

Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition deep into the eastern United States, notably first crossing and exploring the Mississippi River.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

16th century Spanish conquistador and explorer who led an expedition across the southwestern United States in search of the legendary Seven Cities of Gold and is credited with the discovery of the Grand Canyon.

John Cabot

An Italian navigator and explorer who is credited under the English flag with being the first European to explore North America since the Norse visits centuries earlier, landing in 1497.

Jaques Cartier

A significant French explorer during the 16th century who claimed Canada for France, known for his voyages along the St. Lawrence River.

John Hawkins

An English sea captain and privateer in the 16th century, known for his involvement in the English slave trade and contributions to naval warfare, particularly against the Spanish Armada and voyages to West Africa in the mid 16th century.

Francis Drake

An English sea captain, privateer, and explorer in the late 16th century, noted for circumnavigating the globe and defeating the Spanish Armada.

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he played a crucial role in the puritan migration to New England and is known for his vision of a "city upon a hill."

Pequot War

A conflict in 1636-1638 between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of English settlers from Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and saybrook colonies along with their allies in 1637, resulting in significant loss of life and the near destruction of the Pequot tribe.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693, marked by mass hysteria and the execution of several individuals.

Thomas Hooker

A prominent Puritan leader who founded the Connecticut Colony, he is known for his influence on the Fundamental Orders of 1638, which is considered the first written constitution in America. He advocated for broader suffrage and the principal of government by the consent of the governed

Roger Williams

A Puritan minister and founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams championed the separation of church and state and advocated for the fair treatment of Native Americans and religious freedom

Anne Hutchinson

A puritan spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts who argued for individual interpretation of the Bible and criticized the Puritan leadership and challenged the religious and political authority of the Massachusett’s Bay Colony. She was ultimately tried and banished for her beliefs.

Trade and Navigation Act

A series of laws enacted by the English Parliament in the 17th century to regulate colonial trade and enable England to collect duties.

William Penn

The founder of Pennsylvania, William Penn was a Quaker known for advocating religious tolerance and democratic principles. He established the colony as a refuge for Quakers and promoted peaceful coexistence with Native Americans.

Society of Friends

A religious movement founded by George Fox in the 17th century, emphasizing inner light, equality, and pacifism, often associated with Quakers.

Playing Towns