SKIN PUNCTURE/ CAPILLARY PUNCTURE

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45 Terms

1

SKIN PUNCTURE/ CAPILLARY PUNCTURE

A fingerstick to obtain blood for routine laboratory analysis and usually preferred for children.

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2

Dermal Puncture

SKIN PUNCTURE/ CAPILLARY PUNCTURE are also known as __________.

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3

1.75mm

Length of the lancet: _______.

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4

<2.0mm ; <2.5 mm

The depth of the incision should be ______ for children and ________ for adults.

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5

across the fingerprints or perpendicular

The cut should be oriented _________ to generate a large drop of blood using single deliberate motion.

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6

Lateral plantar heel surface

- the preferred site for newborns and infants

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7

Palmar surface of the non dominant fingers (3rd and 4th fingers)

- the most common site for adults

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8

Earlobes

- the least used site

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9

Enumerate the preferred sites for skin puncture:

ā€¢ Lateral plantar heel surface ā€“ newborns and infants
ā€¢ Palmar surface of the non dominant fingers (3rd and 4th fingers) ā€“ most common
ā€¢ Plantar surface of the big toe
ā€¢ Earlobes ā€“ least used site

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10

SITES TO AVOID

ā€¢ Inflamed and pallor areas
ā€¢ Cold and cyanotic areas
ā€¢ Congested and edematous areas
ā€¢ Scarred and heavily calloused areas

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11

Advantages of Skin Puncture

ā€¢ It is accessible to the operator
ā€¢ Easy to manipulate
ā€¢ Ideal for peripheral blood smears.

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12

Disadvantages of Skin Puncture

ā€¢ Less amount of blood can be obtained
ā€¢ Additional and repeated test cannot be done
ā€¢ Blood obtained has tendencies to hemolyze easily.

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13

Lancets

- __________ are sterile, disposable, sharp instruments used for capillary puncture.
- Their blades or points must permanently retract to prevent sharp injuries.

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14

70% isopropyl alcohol

- CLSI recommends using __________to clean surface of the skin before puncturing with a lancet or other sharp device.

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15

Gauze or cotton balls

- _____________ are used to wipe away the first blood drop to eliminate alcohol residue and excess tissue fluid.

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16

first blood drop

- Gauze or cotton balls are used to wipe away the _______ to eliminate alcohol residue and excess tissue fluid.

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17

Bandages

- _______ are used to cover the site after collection.

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18

MICROCOLLECTION CONTAINERS

Also known as microtubes

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19

MICROCOLLECTION CONTAINERS

Special small plastic tubes used to collect tiny amounts of blood obtained from capillary punctures

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20

MICROCOLLECTION CONTAINERS

Often referred to as bullets because of their size and shape

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21

MICROHEMATOCRIT TUBES

Disposable, narrow-bore plastic or plastic-clad glass capillary tubes that fill by capillary action and typically hold 50-75 uL of blood.

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22

MICROHEMATOCRIT TUBES

Also known as capillary tubes

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23

MICROHEMATOCRIT TUBES

Used primarily for manual hematocrit (PCV) determinations

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24

Packed Cell Volume

PCV

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25

MICROHEMATOCRIT TUBES

Coated with ammonium heparin or plain

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26

red or green

Heparin tubes have _______ band on one end

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27

blue

Nonadditive tubes have _____ band

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28

WARMING DEVICES

ā€¢ Warming the sites increases blood flow up to seven times and is especially important when performing heel sticks.
ā€¢ Water temperature must not exceed 42ĀŗC or it could scald the patient

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29

42ĀŗC

Water temperature must not exceed ______ or it could scald the patient

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30

SEALANTS

- are claylike substances used to seal one end of microhematocrit tubes

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31

4-6mm

The clay plug should be _____ long

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32

1st: clay sealant
2nd: paraffin wax

- when sealing the microhematocrit tubes what are the two things you are going to use?

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33

PROCEDURE FOR SKIN PUNCTURE

ā€¢ Identify the patient properly
ā€¢ Choose an appropriate site for collection
ā€¢ Clean the site with 70% alcohol
ā€¢ Hold finger between your index finger and thumb
ā€¢ Puncture the finger using a quick, smooth motion
ā€¢ Wipe away the first drop of blood
ā€¢ Collect blood sample
ā€¢ Apply pressure to puncture site
ā€¢ Label specimen in sight of patient

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34

INDICATIONS FOR CAPILLARY PUNCTURE

ā€¢ Can be done if small amount of blood is required.
ā€¢ There are no accessible veins
ā€¢ Available veins are fragile or must be saved for other procedures such as chemotherapy
ā€¢ Blood is to be obtained for POCT procedures such as glucose monitoring
ā€¢ Capillary blood is the preferred specimen for some tests such as newborn screening

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35

RED BAND

Capillary blood obtained through skin puncture transferred to an anticoagulated capillary tube (HEPARIN) ā€“ with ______.

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36

BLUE BAND

EDTA-anticoagulated blood transferred to a non-anticoagulated capillary tube ā€“ with ______

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37

2/3 TO Ā¾ FULL

ā–Ŗ NOTE: CAPILLARY TUBES MUST BE _____.

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38

air bubbles and spaces

In collecting the sample by microhematocrit tubes avoid ________.

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39

clay sealant ; paraffin

Sealed first with a ______ then ______.

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40

Label the specimen properly with:

ā€¢ patientā€™s full name
ā€¢ age
ā€¢ date of birth
ā€¢ time and date of collection
ā€¢ initials of the phlebotomist

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41

ORDER OF DRAW (MICROTAINER)

ā€¢ Blood Gases (CBGs)
ā€¢ Slides & Smears
ā€¢ EDTA tubes
ā€¢ Other additive microtainer
ā€¢ Serum microtainer

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42

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

CLSI

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43

Heparin

_______ is a natural anticoagulant found in the body

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44

capillary action

capillary tubes are fill by __________ and typically hold 50-75 uL of blood.

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45

50-75 uL

- the capillary tube can typically hold ______ of blood

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