8.1 Human populations

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to human populations and urban systems.

Human Population Dynamics

The study of changes in population size, structure, and distribution over time through various demographic processes.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage change in a population due to the difference between the birth rate and death rate.

Doubling Time (DT)

The number of years required for a population to double in size.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that describes the stages of population growth based on birth and death rates associated with economic development.

Dependency Ratio

A measure of the proportion of dependents (those who are not in the labor force) to the working-age population.

Population Momentum

The tendency for a population to continue to grow even after fertility rates have declined to replacement level, due to a larger base of young people.

Environmental Migration

The movement of people caused by environmental factors such as climate change and natural disasters.

Age-Sex Pyramid

A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically used to assess population structure and trends.

Pro-Natalist Policies

Policies that encourage increased birth rates, often through incentives to have children.

Anti-Natalist Policies

Policies designed to reduce birth rates, often through family planning initiatives.

Life Expectancy (LE)

The average number of years an individual can expect to live based on current mortality rates.

Migration Policy

Government strategies aimed at managing immigration and emigration in a population.

Immigration Rate

The number of immigrants entering a country per 1,000 population per year.

Emigration Rate

The number of emigrants leaving a country per 1,000 population per year.