ART History Exam 2

ch 5-8

Michelangelo attributed the youthful appearance of the Virgin Mary in this sculpture to ________.

the Virgin’s chastity and purity

Which of the following is true of this sculpture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It was carved from a block of marble that had been left unfinished by another sculptor ; It was meant to be installed on the exterior of the Florence Cathedral

When Julius II became pope, how did he respond to the fact that the Early Christian basilica of Old St. Peter's (4th century CE) was in a state of disrepair?

He decided to tear it down and replace it with an entirely new church.

Which of the following is true of this structure? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It marks the site where St. Peter was martyred (i.e., executed) ; It can be referred to as a martyrium ; It was built with financial support from Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain ; It uses the diameter of its columns as the module for the entire building's plan

Why was it common for relatives (usually nephews) of the pope to be made cardinals during the Renaissance? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

In order to keep the papal throne within a particular family ; Because popes are elected from the group (college) of cardinals ; Because the papal throne was not inheritable

The placement of St. Francis in this landscape suggests _________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

that the saint sees the presence of the divine in the natural landscape ; his desire to separate himself from society to focus more deeply on his religious devotion

The large red banner held by the man in armor and the captive wearing a turban in the lower left of this painting are understood to refer to ________________.

a defeat of the forces of Islam by the Christian navy

Which of the following is true of this room? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It was where Pope Julius II kept his personal library ; Each large fresco represents a branch of knowledge

In this fresco Saint Peter _______ Christ a set of keys.

 

returns to

Which of the following is true of this picture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

The atmospheric landscape reflects the Venetian painting tradition ; It represents the effects of a river of wine on the inhabitants of the island of Andros ; The nude figures in various athletic poses reflect the central Italian painting tradition ; It was the painter's attempt to recreate a lost ancient painting known only through textual descriptions

Which of the following is true of Bramante's plan for St. Peter's?

Its massive dome was inspired by the Pantheon

T/F
After Michelangelo's death, some of the figures in his Last Judgment had drapery painted on them to cover their nudity.

True

Over the course of the Renaissance, the social status of artists ​_______ making them more into ​_______ than _______.

 

increased / intellectuals / craftspeople

Generally speaking, the paintings and sculpture of Michelangelo place an emphasis on ______.

the human figure

Which of the following is true of the architectural background in this fresco? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It was most likely the result of a collaboration between Raphael and Bramante ; It resembles the architecture of New St. Peter's ; It resembles the architecture of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova)

The frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel read in _______________ so that _______________.

chronological order / the scenes of God creating the universe are farthest from the chapel's altar

Which of the following are true of the two figures at the center of this fresco? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

They represent Plato and Aristotle ; They are located at the position of the perspectival system's vanishing point ; The books they hold are labeled

T/F
Although it is associated with some of the most important works of art produced in Europe, the early sixteenth century in Italy (i.e., the "High Renaissance") was a period of political upheaval and turmoil on the peninsula.

True

T/F

Giorgio Vasari produced one of the first works of "art history" in 1550 when he published his first edition of The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.

True

Which of the following are true of this object? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It was commissioned by a French cardinal for his tomb in Old St. Peter's ; It has been moved from its original location

In Renaissance sculpture, a furrowed brow (as seen on this work) usually signified ______________.

determination and resolve

When Michelangelo took over the project of building new St. Peter's, he ___________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

simplified and reinforced elements from Bramante's plan ; redesigned the dome, modeling it on Brunelleschi's dome in Florence

Which of the following is true of this image? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It reflects Renaissance ideas about sexuality, gender, marriage, and fertility ; It presents the spectacle of female nudity to its viewer ; The composition draws attention to the woman's reproductive organs

This painting is a good example of _______________.

the emphasis on color and atmosphere (i.e., colorito) associated with Venetian painting

The first professional art academy in the West was founded in ___________ during __________.

Florence / the sixteenth century

Which of the following is true of this image? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

 

It expresses the wealth and luxury of the Medici ducal court ; It expresses hope for a dynastic line of male successors

What event caused the widespread dispersal of artists from Rome in the early sixteenth century?

The Sack of Rome by Imperial troops

Italian artists traveled to France in the sixteenth century because ____________.

the French king, François Ier, encouraged them to come work for him

The hand represented in the foreground of this painting is the sitter's ______________ hand.

left

This painting invites reflection on Christ's crucifixion and death by ________________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

presenting a reflection of the cross on the surface of the amphora at the left edge of the painting ; posing the Christ child in a manner reminiscent of Pietà imagery

This object was stolen from a museum. Which of the following is true? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

The thief gained access to the museum by climbing a scaffolding ; The thief was caught by the police

The architectural design and decorative programs in this structure have a playful aspect because ____________.

the structure was used a retreat where Federico II Gonzaga kept his horses and his mistress

When asked why he included so many figures and events in this picture that are not found in the account written in the Bible, the painter of this picture explained that ____________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

it was a big picture and he thought it could contain many figures ; painters, like poets and jesters, are allowed to use their imaginations when they do their job

T/F
This villa features four classical porticoes (i.e., porches) because Palladio mistakenly believed that ancient Roman houses also had porticoes.

True

Giovanni Bologna carved this sculpture because ______.

he wanted to demonstrate his artistic skill by uniting three separate figures in a single composition

Which of the following is true of this object? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It features Neptune because salt comes from the sea ; It holds salt and pepper

During the sixteenth century, what was a common way for a woman to pursue a career as an artist?

To learn the craft from a family member

Which of the following is true of this image? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

The maternal iconography of the painting in the painting was considered appropriate subject matter for a female painter ; It highlights the woman's skill as a painter by showing her painting ; She is using a maulstick to steady her painting hand ; The painting is a self-portrait

According to art historians, this painting suggests that the body of Christ is being moved _________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

out of the painting and up towards the chapel's vault ; out of the painting and down towards the chapel's tomb

Which of the following is true of this painting? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Father Time is the figure in the upper right ; It was sent to France as a diplomatic gift ; Venus kisses Cupid in order to distract him from her theft of his arrow

Which of the following are true of this work? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It is painted on a curved surface ; It represents a reflection in a mirror ; The painter brought it to Rome as a demonstration of his skill

Which of the following are true of this work? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It is a good example of Bronzino's skill at naturalistic portraiture ; It represents a patrician courtier common to the Florentine ducal court

This picture is understood to be an allegory because it uses ___________ to _____________.

symbolic representations / express a generalization about human existence

On this building, which of the following have been seen as an example of Giulio Romano breaking the rules of architectural design language? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

the keystones that break through cornices ; the partial "rustication" ; the use of both an arch and a post and lintel structure at the entrance

Which of the following are true of this image? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It was painted in miniature ; It was painted on parchment ; The monogram most likely contains a reference to her family's history or her father's name ; The inscription states that it is a self-portrait

True/False
Albrecht Dürer, inspired by what he saw while visiting Italy, embraced the idea that artists should be afforded increased social status and should be seen as the social and cultural equivalents of other creative intellectuals, like poets.

true

Which of the following is true of this painting? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

 

It alludes to the wealth and power of the butchers' guild ; It presents a range of expensive cuts of meat and foodstuffs ; In the background, beggars receive charity

Which of the following has been put forward as a possible explanation for the unusual imagery in this work by Hieronymous Bosch? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Bosch was interested in alchemy ; It appealed to the intellectual and humanist art collector who commissioned it ; Bosch was trained as a manuscript illuminator

The vertical threads in this diagram (pointed out by the red arrows) provide support for the tapestry and are called the _____________.

warp

Which of the following is true of this painting? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It represents the artist in a pose that recalls images of Christ (i.e., icons) ; It showcases the painter's skill through its depiction of textures (e.g., hair, fur, velvet)

Some of the animals in this print have been interpreted as symbols of __________.

the four humors

Which of the following takes place after Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Some Protestant sects reject religious images, leading to iconoclasm (destruction) of images ; Many parts of Northern Europe reject Roman Catholicism in favor of new Protestant sects ; The Catholic Church attempts to combat Protestantism with the Inquisition ; New Christian sects (i.e., Protestants) emerge in Europe

What was the main reason that Hans Holbein the Younger left Basel in the 1520s?

Radical Protestant reformers in Basel were preaching that images were idolatrous, making life hard for artists

T/F
Pieter Bruegel and one of his patrons, a merchant named Hans Franckert, were reported to have disguised themselves as peasants so that they could move freely among the lower classes and observe their behavior.

true

Which of the following is true of the distorted image in the foreground of this painting? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

it functions as a vanitas symbol and is meant to spark contemplation of human mortality ; the term used to describe such distorted representations is "anamorphic"

El Greco  ______________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

was born on the island of Crete ; traveled throughout Italy ; settled in the city of Toledo, in Spain

Which of the following is true of the white, virtually unblemished skin of Christ in this painting? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It stands as a stark contrast to the tortured and wounded skin of the crucified Christ on the exterior of the altarpiece ; It signifies the promise of relief and salvation in the next life for those afflicted with debilitating skin ailments

Where was this altarpiece originally installed?

In a chapel at a monastic hospital

Which of the following is true of this print? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It shows the four horsemen of the Apocalypse ; It tapped into contemporary fears about the end of the world ; It shows that Dürer was savvy about how to market his prints

Which of the following is true of this painting? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It is unclear if it celebrates or mocks the event and people shown ; It represents a rustic version of a fancy banquet

What does this painting represent? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses

The burial of a pious nobleman ; The miraculous appearance of two saints to lower a body into a grave

Which of the following is true of this image? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It seems like the unicorn could escape the pen but chooses not to ; The fruits in the tree are pomegranates ; The lush vegetation connotes fertility

Which of the following motifs in Hieronymous Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights reinforce the notion that a major theme of the work is inversion (i.e., the world turned upside-down)? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Musical instruments being used for physical torture ; Representations of fruits that are wildly out of scale ; Representations of birds that are wildly out of scale

This watercolor can be seen as an example of the __________ interest in _________.

Northern European / drawing from life

T/F
In this painting, represented physical light also functions as a symbol of spiritual enlightenment.

true

The book Iconologia by Cesare Ripa ____________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

contained descriptions of personifications and symbols widely used in visual art ; was first published in the early seventeenth century

When Carlo Maderno lengthened the nave of St. Peter's in the early seventeenth century he __________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

rejected the Greek cross plan, which had fallen out of favor ; ensured that the new structure covered roughly the same area as Old St. Peter's ; partially obscured the view of Michelangelo's dome

The spread of the Baroque style of painting to Spain from Italy has been linked to _____________. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Spanish control of southern Italy ; Caravaggio's presence in Naples

The strong contrast between light and dark in this picture is best described as ______________.

tenebrism

Most of the bronze Bernini used to cast the Baldacchino (St. Peter's, Rome, 1624-33) came from ______.

stripping the bronze elements from the dome of the Pantheon

Which of the following is true of this chapel? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

The configuration of the chapel reveals Bernini's interest in dramatic spectacle ; Bernini used a hidden light well to make it appear as though divine light was falling on the saint ; Bernini visualized Saint Theresa's spiritual ecstasy through an erotic and sensual metaphor

The painting style of Caravaggio is most closely associated with which of the following terms?

tenebrism

The complex interlocking shapes (hexagons, octagons, and crosses) that make up the coffers of this vault are best seen as an example of the ______________ style.

Baroque

Which of the following is true of this work? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

The combination of its iconography with a self-portrait could only be achieved by a female painter ; It represents a personification of an abstract idea (i.e., Painting) ; It shows how sophisticated the tradition of self-portraiture became in the Baroque period

Which of the following is TRUE of this sculpture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Its dynamic outward focus makes the spectator part of the action ; It represents David winding up his sling to hurl a stone at Goliath ; It demonstrates an interest in representing the most dramatic and suspenseful moment of the story

Which of the following is true of this picture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It includes a self-portrait of the artist ; the King and Queen are shown reflected in the mirror at the back of the room ; It represents the King and Queen's point of view

T/f
Over the course of the long history of its construction, the form of Saint Peter's basilica remained unchanged from the original design provided by Bramante.

false

Which of the following is true of this piazza? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Bernini thought of it as embracing the faithful who assemble inside the "arms" ; It serves as an open-air space for the faithful to see and hear the Pope ; It is so large that it can hold up to 250,000 people

The _______ of this painting is understood to show _______. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

highly detailed fruits and vegetables / the influence of Northern European painting ; dramatic lighting / the influence of Caravaggio's tenebrism

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Caravaggio’s Calling of St. Matthew (1599-1600)?

Saint Matthew is shown dressed in drapery typical of the 1st century CE

This painting represents _____________.

a woman and her servant who have incapacitated a general and then beheaded him

The term "Baroque" was originally used to _______ seventeenth-century art.

criticize

t/f
Statements that Artemesia Gentileschi made in her letters suggest that she believed that her contemporaries did not treat her the same way that they would have treated a male artist.

true