positive/pathologies

AC joint

cross body adduction

pain of RC

painful arc, neers, hawkins

strength of RC

external rotation lag, internal rotation lag, drop arm

pain + strength of RC

external rotation resistance, empty can

subacromial impingement/RC tendonitis

painful arc, neers

supraspinatus impingement/RC tendonitis

hawkins

supraspinatus/infraspinatus

external rotation lag

supraspinatus

drop arm, empty can

subscapularis

internal rotation lag, lift off

infraspinatus, adhesive capsulitis

external rotation resistance

lateral epicondylitis

cozens

pain/weakness indicates de quervains tenosynovitis

hand grip strength

pain along radial side indicates de quervains tenosynovitis

finkelstein

shooting pain, worsening numbness along median nerve indicates carpal tunnel

tinel

numbness and tingling along median nerve indicates carpal tunnel

phalen

cervical nerve root compression

spurlings

neck pain, ipsilateral arm pain, radicular symptoms

spurlings

lumbar nerve root compression

straight leg raise

pain radiating down ipsilateral leg indicates lumbosacral radiculopathy

straight leg raise

pain in unaffected rested leg

cross straight leg raise

pain radiates down affected leg suggests lumbosacral radiculopathy

cross straight leg raise

reproducible pain suggests groin pain or sacroiliac pathology

faber

pelvis drops to unaffected leg suggesting weakness of abductor muscles

trendelenburg

pain with click or pop heard at joint line during flexion and extension of the knee

mcmurry

pain or gap in the medial joint line indicates MCL injury

valgus stress

pain or gap in the lateral joint line indicates LCL injury

varus stress

enough movement to show contours of the upper tibia suggest ACL tear

anterior drawer

significant forward motion suggests ACL tear

lachman

proximal tibia moves back indicates PCL tear

posterior drawer

bulging of fluid into the lower portion of the knee joint suggests an effusion

balloon sign

pain or excessive anterior translation of the talus relative to the tibia, or if the end-feel is soft or "empty" indicates anterior talofibular ligament instability or sprain

talocrural joint

if the foot tilts excessively or if there is pain with a lack of firm end-feel, it suggests ligamentous injury

talocalcaneal joint

pain, laxity or excessive forward anterior movement indicates ligamentous injury

transverse tarsal joint

no plantarflexion of the foot when the calf is squeezed indicates an achilles tendon rupture

thompson

pain in the front of the thigh indicates L2-L4 nerve root irritation

femoral stretch test

pain, tingling, or radiating symptoms in the lower back, buttocks, posterior thigh, or leg suggests L2-L4 nerve root irritation or compression

sitting root test