chem 9

chemical reaction

The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances; occurrence can be indicated by changes in temperature, color, odor, and physical state.

reactant

The starting substance in a chemical reaction.

product

A substance formed during a chemical reaction.

chemical equation

A statement using chemical formulas to describe the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction.

coefficient

In a chemical equation, the number written in front of a reactant or product; in a balanced equation describes the lowest whole-number ration of the amounts of all reactants and products.

synthesis reaction

A chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to yield a single product.

combustion reaction

A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.

decomposition reaction

A chemical reaction that occurs when a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds.

single-replacement reaction

A chemical reaction that occurs when the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound.

double-replacement reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the exchange of ions between two compounds and produces either a precipitate, a gas, or water.

precipitate

A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution.

aqueous solution

A solution in which the solvent is water.

solute

One or more substances dissolved in a solution.

solvent

The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution; the most plentiful substance in the solution.

complete ionic equation

An ionic equation that shows all the particles in a solution as they realistically exist.

spectator ion

Ion that does not participate in a reaction.

net ionic equation

An ionic equation that includes only the particles that participate in the reaction.