sports med

What type of muscle fiber is primarily used for endurance activities?

Type I

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Somatic nervous system

Which structure is responsible for transmitting force from muscle to bone?

Tendon

The primary function of the skeletal system includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Hormone production

Which structure in the muscle contains the actin and myosin filaments?

Sarcomere

The primary proprioceptors responsible for detecting changes in muscle length are:

Muscle spindles

Which type of muscle contraction involves no change in muscle length?

Isometric

A motor unit consists of:

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Which type of bone is primarily responsible for movement and support?

Long bones

The all-or-none principle applies to:

Muscle fibers

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to:

Transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the:

Lungs

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

Gas exchange occurs in which part of the respiratory system?

Alveoli

During exercise, which of the following occurs to meet the body’s increased oxygen demands?

Increase in heart rate

The largest volume of blood is found in the:

Veins

Stroke volume is defined as:

Volume of blood pumped per heartbeat

The primary muscle involved in breathing is the:

Diaphragm

Pulmonary circulation is responsible for:

Circulating blood to the lungs

Capillaries are essential for:

Nutrient exchange at the cellular level

Which energy system primarily fuels short, high-intensity efforts like a 10-second sprint?

ATP-PC system

The primary substrate used in the oxidative energy system during low-intensity exercise is:

Fat

Which system is used predominantly in high-intensity efforts lasting between 10–60 seconds?

Glycolytic

The primary role of mitochondria in bioenergetics is to:

Produce ATP through aerobic metabolism

The process that describes the breakdown of glucose without oxygen is:

Anaerobic glycolysis

What is the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis that can accumulate during high-intensity exercise?

Lactate

The primary function of the ATP-PC energy system is to:

Provide immediate energy for short, explosive movements

Glycogen is stored primarily in the:

Liver and muscles

Which energy system is used predominantly in a marathon?

Oxidative

The process that converts fats into ATP in the presence of oxygen is:

Beta-oxidation

Biomechanics is the study of:

Movement mechanics in the human body

Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?

Sagittal

A lateral raise primarily occurs in which plane of motion?

Frontal

What type of lever is a bicep curl considered?

Third Class

An eccentric contraction involves:

Muscle lengthening under load

The "sticking point" in resistance exercise occurs at:

The transition from eccentric to concentric phases

The center of mass is:

The point where the body's mass is evenly distributed

Which of the following is a closed-chain exercise?

Squat

Which type of joint allows movement in multiple planes?

Ball-and-socket

Torque in biomechanics refers to:

Force causing rotation around an axis

Which hormone is often associated with muscle hypertrophy?

Testpsterone

Following resistance training, muscle fiber adaptations include an increase in:

Cross-sectional area of muscle fibers

An acute response to resistance training includes an increase in:

Growth hormone levels

Chronic adaptations to resistance training may lead to:

Increased muscular endurance

Resistance training primarily enhances which muscle fiber type?

Type IIa

Which hormone helps repair and build muscle tissue?

Growth hormone

The delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) is primarily due to:

Eccentric muscle contractions

Strength gains in the initial weeks of training are primarily due to:

Neural adaptations

Which of the following best describes hypertrophy?

Increase in muscle fiber size

The primary fuel source for high-intensity resistance training is:

Glycogen