OT Body Functions

judgement

mentally examining the aspects of different options and discriminating the variation in order to form an opinion or belief. Weighing up options.

concept formation

the ability to organize information and develop ideas based on the common qualities of objects or situations

metacognition

Having an awareness of one's own cognitive processes and the ability to manipulate and control one's own cognition. thinking about thinking

executive funcitons

inludes complex, goal-directed behaviours such as decision making, abstract thinking, planning and carrying out plans,

praxis

the ability to carry out sequential movements, with correct timing and transitions between one movement and another

cognitive flexibilty

Shifting from one idea to another if confronted with two or more concepts

insight/awareness

related to self awareness. Having a realistic concept of one's physical and mental capabilities

sustained attention

maintaining concentration on one activity or stimulus for a sustained amount of time (ex. staying interested in one game for a decent amount of time)

Selective attention

Focusing on one or more stimuli while all other stimuli or information in the environment are ignored (choosing which one to tune into) (eg. switching between playing game and talking)

shifting attention

Engaging in multiple tasks at one time; focus on one thing and then attend to another thing after that (ex. watching a football game then listening to your wife)

divided attention

utilized when a person must focus on two or more stimuli at one time (ex. cooking and watching toddler)

concentration

targeting your attention; focusing on sensory information; choosing to process certain aspects of your environment or sensations

short-term memory

Storing information temporarily (30 seconds) (ex. remembering a telephone number)

working memory

retains information while we are using it during a task; allows us to hold information and use it during tasks (ex. remember what color you are during a game)

long-term memory

memories that are retained from a few hours ago to many years

auditory discrimination

allows for the ability to discriminate between different sounds, tones and pitches

tactile discrimination

allows us to distinguish textures by touch

visual discrimination

our ability to perceive and interpret visual information

olfactory discrimination

what allows us to distinguish differences in smells

gustatory discrimination

our ability to discriminate between taste is what allows us to determine sweet, salty, spicy, sour, or bitter

vestibular discrimination

allows you to determine the position of your body in space

proprioceptive discrimination

detecting muscle lengthening and shortening and how fast and in which direction a limb or body part is moving

spatial relations

being able to identify where something is in relation to something else; orientation with the world around you

control and content of thought

maintaining a stream of thoughts that relate to the activity or issue

awareness of reality vs. delusions

distinguishing between thoughts and what is truly occurring require this

logical and coherent thought

must be reasonable and capable of being explained in words or symbols and used for reasoning

regulating speed, response, quality, and time of motor productions

executing movement patterns, as a cognitive function, is the process of mentally sequencing and coordinating purposeful movements

generalization

closely tied to concept formation and abstraction; mentally processing and coordinating ideas that are outside of the concrete instances

categorization

being able to put things into different categories; being able to find similarities and differences between things

regulation and range of emotions

the specific mental functions related to emotions include feeling and demonstrating the affective components of the processes of the mind mind

appropriateness of emotions

the affect and display of feelings during engagement in occupations

body image

a person's awareness of the physicality and image of his or her own body

self-concept

being aware of your roles and identity in the world

consciousness

the state of awareness and alertness, including clarity and continuity of the wakeful state

alertness

varying levels from slow to respond to a very heightened state of responsiveness in the environment

awareness

clarity of consciousness

person and self orientation

having an awareness of one's own identity; this means that the client understands what his or her name is and has an idea of who he or she is in relation to others

place orientation

requires being aware of one's own location; could include understanding the type one currently is in, or what city, town, or country

temporal orientation

being aware of the current date, month, day of the week.

orientation to others

mental function that includes being aware of the identity of significant people in one's life; includes being able to name a significant person in your life, and identify who he or she is in relation to self

agreeableness

trait that is characterized by being easily pleased and conforming to other's needs; especially helpful in activities where groups of people must come to a consensus

conscientiousness

someone who is very careful and particular and governed by principles and a strong sense of what is right

emotional stability

characteristic of a personality and temperament that is even-tempered, calm and composed; easy-going, allows for interactions and actions that are not laden with irritability or anxiety

openness to experience

a personality trait that allows a person to be accepting of new experiences and activities

self-control

how to resist internal urges to do or say things

confidence

the belief in oneself, or being self-assured

motivation

the internal incentive to behave in a certain way or to take action; what often drives us to participate in activities that are beyond our basic needs;

impulse control

the ability to control an inappropriate actions in an environment (ex. controlling an inappropriate itch in public)

appetite

our natural desire for things is created by this; what drives us towards action

physiological process

accompanied by changes in breathing and heart rate, as well as alterations in brain activity; required only of the activities surrounding going to sleep

quality of vision

the ability to detect light, contrast, and color among visual stimuli. being able to make out and detect various shapes of objects

visual acuity

what allows us to detect form and contour- to see things clearly near and far; use this to detect objects, differentiate between them, and discern details.

visual stability

our ability to perceive objects or our environment as stable (or not moving) even though our eyes are rapidly moving

visual field

objects close to our body and those far away; includes all that we can see ahead of us, as well as on the periphery while still looking ahead

sound detection/discrimination

the ability to discriminate between sounds that allows us to act appropriately and safely within our enivornment

awareness of location and distance of sounds

utilized when locating where a sound is coming from and approximately how far away it is

position

vestibular function; the sensory function of the inner ear that helps to determine the position of the body; determined by the position of head

balance

vestibular function; the body's ability to maintain an upright position while standing, sitting, or moving

secure movement against gravity

the vestibular sense is what allows people to move their bodies in the surrounding space against the forces of gravity; without this vestibular sense, people would not be able to move about in their environment

proprioceptive functions

awareness of body position and space; the ability to determine where one's body parts are moving and in which direction they are moving or being held; controlled by sensory receptors in your muscles, tendons, and joints

vestibular functions

balance, position, secure movement against gravity

touch

the ability to perceive contact with the skin or mucous membranes

localized pain

being able to identify when potential or actual damage may be occurring in a part of the body and where it is occurring

generalized pain

pain that occurs in nonspecific areas and is focused on larger areas (ex. body aches from flu)

thermal awareness

the ability to sense hot and cold

sense of force applied to skin

ability to feel pressure against the body (differs from the sense of touch)

Joint range of motion

the ease with which a joint moves through motion

joint stability

the structure and stability of the joints; keep bones in proper alignment, allowing for functional use of the body parts and trunk

strength

muscular contraction in order to exert a force. (not how big the force is, just is there a required muscle contraction)

muscle tone

degree of muscle tension; the natural tension that is present in muscles when at rest

muscle endurance

sustaining muscle contraction; required when the contraction of a muscle must be maintained for a prolonged period of time

stretch

occurs when a muscle stretched to the point at which an involuntary contraction of the muscle is induced (preventing injuries)

involuntary movement reaction

postural, body adjustment, and supporting reactions; our bodies natural reaction designed to protect us and allow us to restore our bodies to a natural upright positon

eye-hand coordination

the ability of the eyes and the hand and arm muscles to work together to make complex movements (ex. swinging at a ball with a baseball bat)

eye-foot coordination

A person's ability to coordinate eye and foot movement. (ex. kicking a soccer ball)

bilateral integration

occurs when both sides of the body, arms, or legs, are used collaboratively to complete a task (ex. opening a jar)

crossing midline

when the right/left side of the body crosses midline into the opposite side of the body

fine motor control

those that utilize smaller muscles of the hand, fingers, and thumb; allow for the precise movements used to manipulate smaller objects

gross motor control

exists when the larger muscles of the body are used to coordinate movements (ex. jumping, throwing, catching)

oculomotor control

motor control of the eye muscles allows for the detection of visual information in the environment and requires multiple types of coordination

saccades

the rapid eye movements from one aspect in the environment to another, without movement of the head or body

pursuits

this is where the eyes follow a moving object and keep it in focus, eyes are pursuing or chasing the object object

accomodation

occurs when the eye muscles must coordinate to allow for looking at objects near and far or when an object is changing distance from near to far (or vice versa)

binocularity

when they eyes must coordinate their movement the exact same way in order to maintain view of an object (ex. following a car that was traveling from left to right, both of your eyes would have to be fixated, following the car at the same rate, without coordination of both eyes, we see double (diplopia)

gait patterns

related to the movements used to walk

blood pressure

the amount pressure that is exerted by the blood on the walls of the veins and arteries of the body

heart rate

the rate at which the heart delivers blood to all areas of the body

hematological system

systems that relates to the blood and blood-forming tissues of the body, which include the bone marrow and spleen

immunological system

system that works to protect the body against infection and other pathological organism and actions

rate of respiration

the rate at which air is moved in and out of the lungs (12 to 20 breathes per minute)

physical endurance

endurance as it relates to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems that involves continuous efficient action of the heart and lungs to provide oxygen and blood to the body

stamina

activities that require continuous movement with little to no rest breaks will challenge this factor

aerobic capacity

the extent to which a person can exercise without getting out of breath

fatigability

measure of how quickly someone gets tired or out of breath