PSC 102 - Chapter 6 - Parties, Interest Groups, and Cash Cows

PSC 102 - Chapter 6 - JSU - Parties, Interest Groups, and Cash Cows

True 

True or False:
Although there are two major national parties, the party organizations play larger roles at the state level than they do as national forces.

True

True or False:
The Democratic Party as we know it today evolved from factional splits in the earliest days of the American republic.

Democratic-Republicans

The ___________, led by Thomas Jefferson, emerged as the party opposing the Federalists. They argued for states’ rights against a “monarchical” rule by the aristocracy and declared that farmers, craftspeople, and shopkeepers should control their own interests without interference from the capitol.

Whigs, Know-Nothings, Barnburners, Softshells, Hunkers, and Free Soilers.

Jefferson’s party, which eventually morphed into the Democratic Party that we know today, dominated politics throughout the first half of the 19th century. That same period saw the creation of numerous parties:

True 

True or False:
The Republican Party was formed in 1854 in opposition to slavery.

True 

True or False:
The Republican and Democratic National Committees are made up primarily of state party chairs and one male and one female representative from each state.

Republican 

Formed in opposition to slavery in 1854, the ______ Party is also known as the Grand Old Party (GOP).

Multiple Choice Question

Whig

Democratic

Republican

Know-Nothing

Their geographic base may be too narrow to control legislative majorities consistently.

Why are Democrats concerned electorally today?

Multiple Choice Question

Their geographic base may be too narrow to control legislative majorities consistently.

They have not elected a president with a majority of the popular vote since 1984.

The regions from which they draw their political support are ever-shrinking in population terms.

They lack candidates who can win in America’s ever-growing and ever-diversifying cities.

Parties

_________ are conglomerations of people who share some overlapping ideology, or set of political, economic, and social beliefs.

Democrats

These days, _______ are supported by groups that support abortion and gay rights, as well as gun control advocates. Environmentalists, college-educated professionals, unmarried women, and Hispanic, Asian American, and African American voters also tend to be for this party.

Republicans

________ gain support from corporate and small business owners and from social conservatives, while gaining strength among voters with less than a college education. This party is also more likely than the other to attend church regularly.

True 

True or False:
Democrats largely live in cities and suburbs tied to the information economy, while Republicans are strongest in areas that rely on manufacturing, farming, and mining or other resource extraction.

True

True or False:
Democrats receive overwhelming support from members of racial and ethnic minorities, while Republicans command majority support among white voters. Partisans may have different lifestyles or backgrounds, but they have developed an exaggerated sense of just how different members of the other team actually are.

state and federal power

The two-party system in the United States developed when the nation’s earliest leaders disagreed over ______.

Multiple Choice Question

state and federal power

territorial expansion

small government

slavery

They adopt the issues of third parties to gain public support.

Which of these best illustrates how major parties co-opt third parties?

Multiple Choice Question

They have the ability to use unlimited campaign funding.

They make it difficult for third parties to get on the ballot.

They utilize the media to get more direct access to voters.

They adopt the issues of third parties to gain public support.

Libertarian

Which of these is an example of a third party?

Multiple Choice Question

Republican

Libertarian

Federalist

Democrat

False

In closed primaries, independents have the ability to vote in the primary of any party they choose.

True/False Question

True

False

only registered members of the party holding the primary are allowed to vote closed primary

independents and in some cases members of both parties can vote in the primary of any party they choose open primary

voters vote again if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the initial primary runoff primary

Match the description with the type of primary.

Matching Question

only registered members of the party holding the primary are allowed to vote

Select option closed primary runoff primary open primary

independents and in some cases members of both parties can vote in the primary of any party they choose

Select option closed primary runoff primary open primary

voters vote again if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the initial primary

True

Political machines were the dominant form of party politics in the nineteenth century until reform measures such as the use of nonpartisan ballots were put in place to curtail these party machines.

True/False Question

True

False

candidate-centered

Over the last three decades, there has been a shift toward ______ politics.

Multiple Choice Question

party-centered

candidate-centered

single-issue

identity

polarization

Which term describes the division of loyalties along party lines?

Multiple Choice Question

polarization

factionalization

bipartisanship

patronage

True 

When a member of a party votes in another party’s primary it is referred to as crossover voting.

True/False Question

True

False

nonpartisan ballots

Which types of ballots were imposed in reaction to political machines in the late nineteenth century?

Multiple Choice Question

secret ballots

split-ticket ballots

straight-ticket ballots

nonpartisan ballots

True 

Given population shifts and other factors, party control over states can be described as dynamic.

True/False Question

True

False

super PACs

Which of these has made it easier for party factions to organize and spread their messages?

Multiple Choice Question

corporations

super PACs

charities

labor unions

False

The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 banned both soft and dark money.

True/False Question

True

False

states

The authority to decide which candidates are allowed to be on ballots is determined by ______.

Multiple Choice Question

states

party machines

party leaders

lobbyists

True

The major parties in the United States have institutional advantages over third parties and independents.

True/False Question

True

Fals

individual members with a common interests: membership group

individuals or organizations in a particular industry or field: trade association

individuals who represent the interests of one branch or level of government to another: legislative liaisons

individuals who lobby on their own behalf for a pet project or policies they do not agree with: private individuals

individuals at large companies: individual institution

Match the description to the type of interest group.

Matching Question

individual members with a common interests

individuals or organizations in a particular industry or field

individuals who represent the interests of one branch or level of government to another

individuals who lobby on their own behalf for a pet project or policies they do not agree with

individuals at large companies

Do you need a hint?

Vantage blue bird icon

lawyers, former government staffers, or elected officials

Which of these typically describes the background of contract lobbyists?

Multiple Choice Question

current government staffers, business owners, and lawyers

business owners, educators, and lawyers

lawyers, former government staffers, or elected officials

elected officials, business owners, or educators

False

Challengers are more likely to get support from interest groups than incumbents.

True/False Question

True

False

direct lobbying

Working in close contact with specific lawmakers in hopes of persuading them to support a proposed law or change to a law is known as ______.

Multiple Choice Question

indirect lobbying

grassroots lobbying

astroturf lobbying

direct lobbying

True

Citizens and private interests use lobbying to get their messages and concerns heard by policymakers.

True/False Question

True

False

True 

Cause lobbyists often use outside game tactics to pressure public officials.

True/False Question

True

False

party machine politics

The imposition of civil service requirements for many government jobs was a reaction to which type of politics?

Multiple Choice Question

single-issue politics

identity politics

party machine politics

candidate-centered politics

where the lobbying takes place

Which factor or characteristic differentiates direct lobbying from indirect lobbying?

Multiple Choice Question

if the lobbying succeeds or fails to achieve its goals

where the lobbying takes place

whether the legislative or executive branch is lobbied

the level of the government at which the lobbying takes place

performance in previous elections

Political parties are granted access to a ballot based on their ______.

Multiple Choice Question

performance in previous elections

platform popularity

campaign finances

petition approval status

Wisconsin, an upper Midwestern state with competitive statewide elections

In general terms, which U.S. state is most likely to have two well-funded and well-organized state-level party organizations today?

Multiple Choice Question

California, a Western state where Democrats dominate in statewide elections

Texas, a Southern where Republicans dominate in statewide elections

Wisconsin, an upper Midwestern state with competitive statewide elections

Massachusetts, a Northeastern state where Democrats dominate in statewide elections

run their own ads separate from those run by a candidate’s campaign

In an independent expenditure campaign, groups such as labor unions do which of the following?

Multiple Choice Question

coordinate with candidates and their campaigns to run ads

finance campaign ads, but have little input on the content of those ads

run their own ads separate from those run by a candidate’s campaign

donate funds to the candidate’s campaign and coordinate on the ads

Interest groups will generally make campaign contributions only after tangible proof that a legislator supports their position.

In the context of lobbying, what does the phrase “the money follows the vote” mean?

Multiple Choice Question

Lobbyists can only provide campaign contributions after the formal end of a legislative session.

Legislators are paid their salaries only after the end of the legislative session.

Interest groups pay a fixed fee to each legislator based on his or her votes.

Interest groups will generally make campaign contributions only after tangible proof that a legislator supports their position.

False

In the United States today, political parties play a large role in the lives of Americans.

True/False Question

True

False

False

Party leaders have the authority to decide which party nominees are going to be listed on ballots.

True/False Question

True

False

soft money

Which of these was abolished by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002?

Multiple Choice Question

dark money

free money

soft money

hard money

False

In the United States, getting on the ballot as a minor party or independent is no different than getting on the ballot as a major party candidate.

True/False Question

True

False

True

Incumbents, more so than challengers, are likely to get the support of interest groups.

True/False Question

True

False

nonpartisan ballots

The corruption in party machine politics led to the imposition of reforms, including the use of ______.

Multiple Choice Question

split-ticket ballots

secret ballots

straight-ticket ballots

nonpartisan ballots

False

Candidates for the Democratic Party today tend to garner widespread support in the rural areas of the Southeast and Midwestern United States.

True/False Question

True

False

False

Super PACs have made it harder for party factions to organize and spread their messages.

True/False Question

True

False

closed primary

Which type of primary prevents crossover voting?

open primary

runoff primary

closed primary

blanket primary