Untitled Flashcards Set

Visual cue

A characteristic (like position, color, or height) used in graphics to indicate data variables.

Token

The unit of observation in text mining, such as a word or phrase.

Stop words

Commonly used words (e.g., articles, prepositions) often filtered out during text analysis.

Bar chart

A graph that depicts the frequency of values for a categorical variable.

Histogram

A graphical representation of the frequency distribution of numerical data.

Measure of centrality

Statistics that summarize a dataset by identifying the center or typical value.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

A measure of statistical dispersion, calculated as the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Choropleth map

A thematic map where areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the value of a variable.

Outlier

A data point that differs significantly from other observations in a dataset.

Scale_x_continuous()

A function in ggplot used to specify the range and increments of a continuous x-axis.