AUBF Post-midterm Long Lab Reviewer

sprue

ulcerative colitis

pancreatic fibrosis

liver and biliary duct disorders

malabsorption syndromes

disorders detected by fecalysis

color

consistency

parasites

blood

mucus

composition of the gross/macroscopic exam for fecalysis

sudan III/IV

oil red O

stains used for neutral fat

oil soluble dyes

sudan III/IV and oil red O are examples of what kind of dye

emulsion

glacial acetic acid

stain

neutral fat stain is composed of

amount of neutral fat in normal stool

dark orange/red

color of neutral fat and flakes of fatty acid when stained

yellow orange

color of mineral oil when stained

>=60 fat/hpf

amount of fat per hpf in steatorrhea

fat split stain

confirmatory test for fat determination in fecalysis

stool

glacial acetic acid

stain

heat

composition of fat split stain

sudan III

stain used for fat split stain

100 droplets,

normal results for fat split stain

100 droplets, 1-8um/hpf

slightly increased results for fat split stain

100 droplets, 6-75um/hpf

increased results for fat split stain

acetic acid

what is used to demonstrate muscle fibers in stool

undigested muscle fiber

type of muscle fiber to be counted in fecalysis

>10

amount of undigested muscle fibers in fecalysis considered as increased

undigested muscle fiber

muscle fiber appearing as yellow fragments with cross striations

partially digested muscle fiber

muscle fibers which have striations in one direction

digested muscle fiber

muscle fiber with no striations

lugol's iodine

starch indicator used in fecalysis

blue-black

in fecalysis undigested starch appears as

red

partially digested starch in fecalysis appears as

erythrodextrin

the red coloration of partially digested starch in fecalysis is caused by

d'antoni's iodine

stain used to demonstrate parasites in fecalysis

vibrio cholerae

microorganism which causes rice watery stool

ascaris lumbricoides

trichuris trichiura

hookworms

the triumvirate parasites

neutral fat

muscle fibers

starch granules

ova of parasites

RBC, WBC, epithelial cells

microscopic examination in fecalysis is composed of

screening for the detection of occult/hidden blood

most frequently performed chemical exam in fecalysis

>2ml/150g of stool

amount of bleeding from upper GI tract considered pathologically significant

benzidine

ortho-tolidine

gum guaiac

rank the indicators used to determine the pseudoperoxidase acitvity of occult blood from most sensitive to least sensitive

less sensitive

in detecting occult blood it is better to use (more/less) sensitive indicators

meat free diet for 3 days

rule out swallowed blood

patient preparation when using highly sensitive indicators for occult blood detection

purulent materials

iodides

bromides

causes false positives in fecal occult blood tests

negative

in fecal occult blood test a (positive/negative) results is a more absolute value

makes the test more specific by destroying true peroxidases that may cause false positives

what is the purpose of boiling in the benzidine test for fecal occult blood

benzidine dihydrochloride

absolute ethyl alcohol

glacial acetic acid

distilled water

composition of the benzidine solution

benzidine solution

3% h202

reagents used for benzidine test for fecal occult blood

stool emulsion

type of sample used for benzidine test for fecal occult blood

green-blue color in 1 minute

weakly positive (+) result in benzidine test for fecal occult blood

immediate blue-black

strongly positive (++++) result in benzidine test for fecal occult blood

guaiac solution

glacial acetic acid

h2o2

reagents used in guaiac test for fecal occult blood

saturated gum guaiac solution

95% alcohol

composition of guaiac solution

1 month

how long does the guaiac solution remain stable

if the solution bubbles

how do you know that your h2o2 is of satisfactory strength

dab of feces on filter paper

type of sample used for guaiac test for fecal occult blood

blue-dark green color within 30 seconds

positive result for gum guaiac test

delayed color change or;

change in color that is not blue-dark green color

negative result for gum guaiac test

ferrous sulfate

high protein diet

slow passage of blood

causes erroneous results in the gum guaiac test for fecal occult blood

ferrous sulfate

produces black stools, and causes weakly positive results in the guaiac test

false positive

effect of high protein diet to the guaiac test

false negative

effect of slow passage of blood through the intestines

peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin

what causes the catalysis of the oxidation by peroxide of a chromogen in the hematest method

tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)

chromogen used in hematest method for fecal occult blood

tartaric acid

calcium acetate

strontium peroxide

what reagents react in solution to produce h2o2 in the hematest method for fecal occult blood

thin smear of feces

type of sample used for hematest method for fecal occult blood

hematest method

this method is an adaptation of the ortho-tolidine method

hematest method

fecal occult blood test method which makes use of a tablet

2 minutes

reading time of hematest method for fecal occult blood

directly proportional

HEMATEST METHOD: the concentration of blood is (directly/inversely) proportional to the intensity and speed of color development

blue within 2 minutes

positive result for hematest method

positive

bananas causes false (positive/negative results) in the hematest method

positive

ferrous fumarate causes false (positive/negative results) in the hematest method

positive

ferrous carbonatecauses false (positive/negative results) in the hematest method

ferrous fumarate

ferrous carbonate

drugs that cause false positive results in the hematest method for fecal occult blood

ascorbic acid (>500mg/day)

causes false negative results in the hematest method

6mg hgb/g of feces or;

4ml hgb/g of feces

sensitivity of the hematest method for fecal occult blood

hemascreen slides

IDENTIFY HEMASCREEN TEST COMPONENT: a special electrophoresis paper impregnated with natural guaiac resin containing both positive and negative performance standards

natural guaiac resin (guaiacum officinale)

what is impregnated in the electrophoresis paper of hemascreen slides

hemoglobin derived catalyst

positive performance standard used for the hemascreen test for fecal occult blood

hema screen slides

hema screen developing solution

components of the hema screen test

aqueous solution of:

6% h2o2

75% denatured ethanol

composition of the hema screen developing solution

patient

who identifies each slide with the patient's name, phone number, address, and date in the hema screen test

patient

who prepares the slides in the hema screen test

laboratory

who applies the developing solution in the hema screen test

blue on the edge of the fecal smear

a positive result in hema screen test with a light blue discoloration appears as

blue ring at the edge of the wetted area

a negative result in hema screen test with a light blue discoloration appears as

30-60 seconds

reading time of hema screen test

blue within 30-60 seconds

a positive result in the hema screen test appears as

2-4 minutes

the color developed in the hema screen test will begin to fade during

red meat free, high residue diet for 2 days

no raw fruits and vegetables with peroxidase-like activity

patient preparation for hema screen test

non-offensive

qualitative

the hema screen test is a (offensive/non-offensive), (quantitative/qualitative method)

antigen capture immunochromatographic assay

type of assay used by the medic FOBT

monoclonal antibodies against human hemoglobin conjugated with colloidal gold;

nitrocellulose membrane

composition of the medic FOBT test cassette

2

how many sites in the stool are collected for the hema screen test

3

how many sites in the stool are collected for the medic FOBT

15-30 minutes

reading time for the medic FOBT

visible pink line (test line) within 15 minutes

positive result for the medic FOBT appears as

no color development after 15-30 minutes

positive result for the medic FOBT appears as

clear, colorless fluid

normal CSF appears as

the choroid plexus of the 3rd and 4th lateral ventricle

where is CSF formed

500ml

volume of CSF formed per day

120-150

volume of CSF in the body at any one time

color

transparency

presence/absence of clot

gross examination of CSF includes

total cell count

differential count

microscopic examination of CSF includes

gram stain

acid fast stain

india ink preparation

culture

microbiologic examination of CSF includes

protein

sugar

chemical testing for CSF includes

VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory)

serologic testing for CSF includes

9:1

ratio of sample to diluent for the total cell count for CSF