Bio II Quiz 9 Lecture 10 (Animal Kingdom Intro)

What is in metazoa?

all animals

What is the name of the taxonomic group that has all animals that contain true tissues (excluding sponges)?

eumetazoa

Animals are ___cellular

multi

Animals have _____ tissues.

true

Animals are _____ heterotrophs.

aerobic

Most animals reproduce ______.

sexually

Animals are mostly ______ at some stage in life.

mobile

Animals lack a ______.

cell wall

Vertebrates include what animals?

FARMB (fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds)

Invertebrates make up __% of known species

95

Symmetry with multiple lines is called ______ symmetry.

radial

Symmetry with only one line is called ____ symmetry.

bilateral

What is cephalization?

the concentration of sensory organs and nervous control at the anterior end of the body

What is anterior?

toward the front (head)

What is posterior?

toward the rear

What is dorsal?

toward the upper part (back of standing animal)

What is ventral?

toward the lower part (front of standing animal)

What are the steps of animal development?

Zygote --> cleavage --> blastula --> gastrulation

What is the zygote?

product of fertilization

What is cleavage in embryonic development?

cells that are undergoing rapid mitosis, produces the blastula

What is the blastula?

hollow ball of multiple cells

What is the blastocoel?

opening of blastula, folds in on itself to create gastrula

What is gastrulation?

second hollow pocket, forms germ layers called the gastrula

What are the layers within the gastrula? (5)

ectoderm, blastocoel, endoderm, archenteron, blastopore

What is the main difference between diploblastic and triploblastic cells?

diploblastic cells only form an ectoderm and endoderm, and triploblastic cells form an ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

what does the mesoderm form?

forms support systems and structures, like muscle and skeleton

what does the ectoderm form?

outer layers, skin, and nervous system

what does the endoderm form?

gut lining

what is the coelom?

fluid filled body cavity

where is the coelom located?

digestive tract and outer body wall

what is the purpose of the coelom?

protects internal organs and allows them to move and grow

what are coelomates?

animals with coelom from the mesoderm

true or false: not all vertebrates are coelomates

false; all vertebrates are coelomates

what is a true coelom?

formed from the mesoderm

what are pseudocoelomates?

animals that have a coelom that forms from BOTH the mesoderm and the endoderm

what are acoelomates?

lacks a body cavity (coelom)

what is the adaptation of acoelomates?

they must remain tiny in size because their organs are attached to the body wall. Lacking a coelom prevents growth

acoelomates are _____ to pseudocoelomates and coelomates.

ancestral (oldest)

what develops from the blastopore in a protostome cell?

the mouth

What is the form of cleavage in a protostome cell and how do cells divide?

1. spiral

2. cells divide in a circular motion around polar axis

Are the cells in protostomes determinate or indeterminate? What does this mean?

1. determinate

2. they are all assigned a specific function

How is the coelom formed in protostomes?

solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom

what develops from the blastopore in a deuterostome cell?

the anus

What is the form of cleavage in a deuterostome cell and how do cells divide?

1. radial

2. cells divide toward the polar axis

Are the cells in deuterostomes determinate or indeterminate? What does this mean?

1. indeterminate

2. they are not assigned a specific function

How is the coelom formed in deuterostomes?

folds of archenteron form coelom

what is the most ancestral: protostomes or deuterostomes?

protostomes

What two phyla are both deuterostomes?

Chordates and echinoderms

what is the common ancestor of all animals?

choanoflagellates (colonial flagellated protist)

what is the oldest ancestral animal?

sponges