2.19.25 Lecture: spinal chord injuries and blood brain barrier

the ______________ of the spinal chord injury determines the loss

level

the __________- the level of the spinal chord injury, the greater the functional loss

higher

true/false: not all paralysis can be due to a spinal chord injury

true

what happens when you have a stroke in the right primary cortex

neurons in the right primary motor cortex die and you experience paralysis on the left side of the body

what is it called when you get loss to one half side of the body?

hemiplegia

plegia means ______________

loss of motor/function

CSF is short for _________________

cerebrospinal fluid

in the __________________ we see CSF circulate around the brain and spinal chord

subarachnoid space

what is between the arachnoid and Pia matter?

subarachnoid space

where do we find the the choroid plexi?

the lateral ventricles and 4th ventricle

the _______ is a network of blood vessels and ependymal cells responsible for producing the CSF

the choroid plexus

we produce CSF in the ________________________________(putting it all together)

choroid plexi of the lateral and 4th ventricles

describe the path of CSF circulation: CSF goes from __________________ down to the _____________________, passes through the __________________, down to the _________________________

1. lateral ventricles

2. third ventricle

3. cerebral aqueduct

4. fourth ventricle

the ________________ is associated with apertures

4th ventricle

apertures are _______

valves

we have _______________ apertures and a ___________ aperture

lateral; medial

from the 4th ventricles, the CSF can either go into the _____________ or exit via the ___________ into _____________________

spinal chord; apertures; subarachnoid space to circulate around the brain and spinal chord

why is the CSF important? 3 things:

1. carries nutrients

2.signaling

3. allows brain to float

why do we want the brain to float? 2 reasons:

1. it keeps the brain from bearing weight on bone, keeping the neurons from being compressed

2. also it slows the brain to lessen injury

what is the choroid plexus

network of capillaries and ependymal cells that produce CSF

the capillaries of the choroid plexus are a part of the _________________ and they consist of ___________________ connected together via _______________

blood brain barrier; simple squamous epithelium; tight junctions

the tight junctions make the capillaries water-tight, which is why ___________ are needed to loosen those tight junctions to allow some nutrients to cross the capillaries

astrocytes

why is it difficult to get nutrients from the blood into the ventricles?

ependymal cells are connected by tight junctions

How do we transport across the blood brain barrier? 2 steps

1. loosen the blood vessels to allow nutrients to cross when we're ready to produce CSF

2. allow nutrients to cross the ependymal cells into the ventricle

what do we transport across the blood brain barrier?

water, electrolytes, some nutrients like glucose

what is CSF made of?

mainly water and electrolytes

what are the 2 things the blood brain barrier does?

1. helps maintain stable environment for the brain

2. separates neurons from some blood borne substances (pathogens)