Middle Ages and Rise of Islam Review Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the Middle Ages, the Rise of Islam, as well as significant cultural and political developments.

Feudalism

A political system where nobles are granted lands by a monarch in exchange for loyalty and military service.

Crusades

Religious wars aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Black Death

A devastating plague that wiped out a significant portion of Europe's population in the 14th century.

Charlemagne

King of the Franks who united much of Western Europe during the early Middle Ages and was crowned Emperor by the Pope.

Caliph

A title for the chief Muslim ruler, considered a successor to Muhammad.

Byzantine Empire

The eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, centered around Constantinople and characterized by its strong centralized government.

Hagia Sophia

A former Greek Orthodox Christian basilica, later an imperial mosque and now a museum in Istanbul, symbolizing the wealth and power of the Byzantine Empire.

Samurai

The military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan.

Daimyo

Powerful Japanese feudal lords who ruled land and commanded armies of samurai.

Silk Road

A network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating trade of silk and other goods.