archaea bacteria plants fungi differences

pseudopeptidoglycan

• branched non-polar tails

• S layers= 1-2 glycoproteins

archaea

peptidoglycan

bacteria

thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acid

gram negative bacteria

thin peptidoglycan layer and LPS membrane

gram positive bacteria

chitin

fungi

glucan; fungi

flexibility

mannoproteins; fungi

outer surface

cellulose

plants

primary cell wall layer; plants

hemicellulose+pectin

secondary cell wall layer; plants

lignin for strength and waterproofing

TATA box 26-32 bp w transcription factor B

archaea

RNAP bind to sigma TTGAGA first at 35 bp

bacteria

3 RNAPs

• TATA box at 30-40 bp

• mRNA 5’ cap and poly-a tail with splicing

fungi

5 RNAPs

• TATA box at 30-33 bp

plants

G box (CACGTG) at 500-100 bp upstream

plants

transcribes siRNA

• RNA directed DNA methylation

RNA Polymerase IV

transcribes non coding RNA for RdDM machinery

RNA Polymerase V

circular DNA with histone-like proteins

archaea

circular DNA with nucleoid associated proteins

bacteria

linear DNA with histone proteins that go through plasmogamy and karyogamy

fungi

linear DNA with histone proteins

plants

H2A.W

condensation

H2A.Z

thermosensor