Biomed II: Activity 1.1.4-1.16 (READ DESC)

Shuffled flashcards, written answers, and answer with term recommended for learn mode.

Hemopoiesis

Red bone marrow producing erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Ligaments

Bone to bone connects

Tendon

Muscle to bone connection

Brain

The skull protects the ___

Spinal cord

Vertebral column protects the ___

Heart and lungs

Ribs and sternum protects the ___.

Digestive system and reproductive organs

Pelvic girdle protects the __

Calcium and phosphorus

The main minerals that are stored in bones are __.

Long

Identify bone type: Humerus

Long

Identify bone type: Femur

Long

Identify bone type: Ulna

Long

Identify bone type: Metatarsals

Long

Identify bone type: Metacarpals

Long

Identify bone type: Phalanges

Long

Identify bone type: Tibia

Long

Identify bone type: Fibula

Short

Identify bone type: Carpals and Tarsals

Flat

Identify bone type: Scapula

Flat

Identify bone type: Cranial bones

Flat

Identify bone type: Sternum

Flat

Identify bone type: Ribs

Irregular

Identify bone type: Facial bones and Vertebrae

Sesamoid

Identify bone type: Patella

206 bones

The amount of bones in the adult human body

Epiphysis

What long bone feature is this? (Red AND light pink)

Diaphysis

What long bone feature is this? (Green)

Articular cartilage

What long bone feature is this? (Orange AND light blue part on the distal end)

Spongy bone

What long bone feature is this? (Yellow)

Epiphyseal line

What long bone feature is this? (Blue)

Endosteum

What long bone feature is this? (Purple)

Yellow bone marrow

What long bone feature is this? (Grey)

Periosteum

What long bone feature is this? (Bright pink)

Axial skeleton

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone

Appendicular skeleton

Forms the limbs and the pectoral and pelvis girdles (32 in each upper limb, 31 in each lower limb)

Lacunae/osteocyte

What part of the osteon is this? (Green)

Canaliculi

What part of the osteon is this? (Yellow)

Central (Haversian) canal

What part of the osteon is this? (Orange)

Lamellae

What part of the osteon is this? (Grey outer part)

Lacunae

____ houses mature cells, like osteocytes

Osteocytes

Lacunae houses ___

Manubrium

Top part of stenrum

Body

Middle part of sternum

Xiphoid process

Bottom part of sternum

Hyoid bone

What is the only bone that is NOT connected to another bone.

Skull

What part of the vertebral column is this? (Tan)

Cervical vertebrae

What part of the vertebral column is this? (Yellow)

Thoracic vertebrae

What part of the vertebral column is this? (Blue)

Lumbar vertebrae

What part of the vertebral column is this? (Dark pink)

Sacrum

What part of the vertebral column is this? (Green)

Transverse

What type of bone fracture is this?

Oblique

What type of bone fracture is this?

Spiral

What type of bone fracture is this?

Compression

What type of bone fracture is this?

Compression

What type of bone fracture is this?

Comminuted

What type of bone fracture is this?

Greenstick

What type of bone fracture is this?

Strength

Bone is a remarkable example of engineering, combining light, flexibility, and incredible ___

Connective tissue

All bones are a type of ___

Matrix

Bone is composed of cells living within a non-living ___

Organic; inorganic

This matrix include ____ components (like collagen) and hard ____ components.

Blood; vessels

____ and ____ bring needed nutrients and signals to the cells in this hard matrix.

Steel

Pound for pound, bone is actually stronger than __

Axial; appendicular

The human skeleton is composed of two divisions: the _____ skeleton and the ____ skeleton.

Vertebrae; ribs

The skull, ____, and ____ are the main parts of the axial skeleton

Pectoral; pelvic

The bones of the limbs (like the ____and ____) and the girdles are part of the appendicular skeleton.

Cervical; thoracic; lumbar

The vertebral column is divided into five sections, which include the ___, ____, and ___ regions.

Sternum

The ___ is divided into 3 sections

True; false; floating

The three types of ribs are ___, ___, and ___.

Hyoid

The ___ bone is the only bone in the body that is not connected to another bone.

Shock absorbers

The discs of cartilage in the vertebral column exist to act as ____ and provide flexibility.

Compact (or cortical)

The dense, hard external layer of bone is called ___ bone.

Spongy (or trabecular)

The bone tissue at the ends of long bones is called ___ bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft of the long bone is called the ___.

Epiphysis

The ends of the long bone are called the ___.

Periosteum

The external covering of the bone is the ____.

Medullary cavity; bone marrow

The cavity within the diaphysis is the ____, which is filled with ___.

Articular cartilage

____ cover the joint surfaces of the epiphyses

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone is the ___

Concentric lamellae

The rings of the matrix surrounding the central canal are called ____.

Osteocytes

The bone cells (living within the matrix) are called ___.

Lacunae

The small spaces that house the bone cells are ___.

Central (or Haversian) canal

The ___ runs through the core of the osteon, carrying blood vessels and nerves.

Canaliculi

Tiny canals called ____ allow the osteocytes to communicate with each other and receive nutrients.

Organic; inorganic

The two main components of the hard matrix of bone are the ___ and ___.

Pressure; compression

Bones fracture when they are placed under extreme ___ or ___.

Transverse

A ____ fracture is a break that is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.

Spiral

A ____ fracture occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone.

Comminuted

A ___ fracture occurs when the bone is crushed into three or more pieces

Greenstick

A ___ fracture is an incomplete break where the bone cracks but does not break all the way through

Osteoblasts

____ are specialized cells that are responsible for building new bone.

Osteoclasts

____ are specialized cells that are responsible for breaking down old or damaged bone.

Building; breaking down

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are always actively working to maintain a balance of ___ and ___ bone.

Hemotoma formation

A large pooling of blood forms at the fracture site to stop the bleeding.

Fibrocartilage callus formation

This stage involves the formation of soft callus made of fibrocartilage to bridge the gap.

Bony callus formation

The soft callus is gradually replaced by a cartilage made of spongy bone, deposited by fibrous tissue.

Bone remodeling

The final stage where the bony callus is reshaped back to the original bone structure, involving both bone breakdown and formation.