Chemistry 3.3.6 Organic Analysis (copy)

AQA A Level Chemistry Mass Spectrometry

Ionisation, Acceleration, Drift, Detection.

What are the 4 stages of Mass Spectrometry?

1500-500 - It's unique to each compound, and can be compared against known fingerprint regions to spot differences.

What is the fingerprint region?

1 peak

How many peaks for 1 type of bond on IR spec

Add NaOH and warm, then acidify the HNO3 and add AgNO3, a ppt will form due to the formation of Ag + the halogen

Cl= white

Br= Cream

I= Yellow

How do you test for haloalkanes?

Add acidified potassium dichromate and heat

colour change from orange to green for 1/2 alcohols no change for 3

How do you test for alcohols

Warm feelings, blue → brick red ppt

OR

Warm tollens → silver mirror formation (Ag)

2 ways to test for aldehydes

Add sodium carbonate → CO2 released (effervesences)

How do you test for carboxylic acids?

Constantly vibrating and can absorb IR in the same frequency

Why do chemical bonds absorb IR

faster vibrations

What effect does a stronger bond have on the frequency of vibrations

Beam of IR with a range of frequencies passed through samples

radiation that emerges is missing frequencies that have nit be absorbed by the bond

What happens inside a IR spectrometer