Lecture_2

Phoneme

The smallest linguistic unit that can signal a difference in meaning.

Minimal Pairs

Pairs of words that differ in only one phoneme.

Phonology

The description of the patterns of sounds that occur in a language.

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Morphology

The study of the internal structure of words.

Syntax

The study of the rules that govern the structure of sentences.

Pragmatics

The social use of language, referring to the communicative intent behind conversations.

Segmental Information

Single segments of speech, such as consonants and vowels.

Suprasegmental Information

Groups of segments, such as syllables, words, or sentences, involving stress and intonation.

Gricean Cooperation Principles

Guidelines for effective communication, including Quantity, Quality, Relevance, and Manner.

Phonotactic Constraints

Rules governing the allowed combinations of sounds in a particular language.

Cross-Linguistic Differences

Variations in linguistic features among different languages.

Allophone

Variations of a phoneme that do not change meaning but may occur in different phonetic contexts.

Diphthong

A complex vowel sound that begins with one vowel sound and glides into another within the same syllable.

Language Acquisition

The process through which individuals learn a language, typically referring to children acquiring their first language.

Dialect

A particular form of a language that is specific to a region or social group.

Code-Switching

The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation.

Phonemic Awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

Syllable

A unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically consisting of a vowel sound with or without surrounding consonant sounds.

Prosody

The rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech that contributes to meaning and emotional expression.

Intonation

The rise and fall of the voice in speaking, often used to indicate questions or emphasis.