Muslim Empires

What empire was not rooted in Turkic Origins? (Mughal,Safavid,Ottoman, or Songhay)

Songhay

This location became a Muslim Sultanate over time through merchant practices along trade networks

Malacca

This empire utilized the Millet System to provide local autonomy for religious communities (Mughal,Safavid,Ottoman, or Songhay)

Ottoman

These empires ruled over a population that was NOT mostly Muslim (Mughal,Safavid,Ottoman, or Songhay)

Mughal and Songhay 

This empire was known as the “strong sword of Islam” and protector of holy sites

Ottoman Empire

This empire enforced Shia Islam as the state religion (Mughal,Safavid,Ottoman, or Songhay)

Safavid

The Safavid empire had a strict caste system which provided social restricions and for some, social safety nets (true or false)

false

which empire had the caste system?

Songhay empire

This was the process used in the Ottoman Empire to recruit future bureacrats or military elites

Devshirme

The Ottoman Empire’s use of a large, centralized bureacracy is similar to

the Ming Dynasty

(True or False) The primary reason for the expansion of Muslim Empires in the early modern era was their adoption of gunpowder weapons

True

Which empire was able to profit most extensively from cotton and spice trades?

Mughal 

Due to disagreements over religious differences, which empire was most lickley to have conflicts with the Ottoman Empire?(Mughal,Safavid,Ottoman, or Songhay)

Safavid

Sharia

Islamic law

Umma

community of muslim followers

Ulama

religous scholars 

What region was mostly Christian despite being under Ottoman rule?

the Balkans

Zamindars in the Mughal Empire were

elite land owning tax collectors

Mughal,Safavid, and Ottoman empires had in common: 

• used gun powder weapons to build and expand empires 

• all utilized a centralized bureacracy to rule 

• they were multi ethnic empires 

• they emerged from Islamic Turkic roots

• failed to modernize at the same pace as Europ[eans 

• all had architectural ro artistic legacies 

Sikhism is a blending of

Islam and Hinduism

States legitamize their rule by:

• staffing buracracies

• Impressive architecture

• Relgious ideas

• Tax collection

Songhay Empire

• west african empire centered around Gao and Timbuktu

• accumulated wealth from trans-saharen slave tree

• Islam was practiced only by elites and used to legitamize authority 

Ottoman expansion

expaneded into Anatolia brinigng Turkish culture, language, and Islamic faith with them (coversion), expanded into SOuth Eastern Europe bringing a majority christan region under ottoman rule

Millet System

religous tolorance with limits, must pau Jizya tax (only non-Muslims), may govern themselves on legal matters but amy turn to Muslim courts at times, treated as second class citizens 

Devshirme

• system of recruting civil administrators or military service in the Ottoman empire

• Christan communites were required to give some of their male childrem to the state

• Converted to Islam, became servants of the state

• Many would become trained government beurcrates or military service men

• Legitamized Ottoman rule

Janissaries

those taken were forced into military services, the Janissarie corps, the most elite infantry in the world

How was the Safavid empire formed?

after assatinaiton of the 4th caliph, many who supported him fled to modern day Iran,where shia islam was the offical religion and there was engouraged confersion from sunni to shia

Economy of Safavid empire

• controlled Eastern Persian silk trade

• Controleld trade routes between ottomans and mungal empire, taxed trade on land

• Jizya tax on nonmuslims

• Welcomed merchants from western europe to live there but preachign christianity was forbidden

• production of carpets

Akbar the Great

mughal empire, spread religous tolorance, removed the Jizya tax and encouraged construction of Hindu temples and multi religous centers of learnign and houses of worship

Aurangzeb

reversed tolerance policies, reimposed jizya, expaneded empire but weakened unity

Rivalary between Ottomans and Safavids

• Ottomans: Sunni

• Safavids: Shia

• Both sides clained legitamete Islamic leadership, safavids encourads shia uprsiings within the Ottoman emipre, Ottomans saw it as a political threat

• Borth empires wanted to dominate silk roads, Persian hulf and trade between europe and asia