TOPIC 2: DEFINITION AND DIMENSION

Is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms

Is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms

Microbiology

What are the branches of Microbiology

1. Bacteriology

2. Virology

3. Mycology

4. Parasitology

5. Immunology

study of bacteria (s: bacterium)

Bacteriology

minute unicellular organisms that have all the necessary protoplasmic equipment for growth and self-multiplication

Bacteria

they are microorganisms that live on another living organism like human or animal without causing a disease

Normal Flora

they are bacteria or viruses or other microorganisms that could cause a disease.

Pathogens

study of viruses

Virology

Obligate intracellular parasites which can reproduce only within a living cell although it may survive for a short while outside the cell but they are nonliving without their hosts.

Virus

DNA or RNA (can have both but not both)

Virus

protects the nucleic acid from digestion by enzymes

Capsid

it contains special sites on the surface that allows the viruses to attach to the host cells

Capsid

provides proteins that enables the virus to penetrate the host cell membrane and inject the infectious nucleic acid into the cell cytoplasm

Capsid

parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it

Bacteriophage

study of fungi

Mycology

Fungi can exist as __________ or __________

yeast or mold

Monomorphic fungi

Yeast

Dimorphic fungi

yeast and mold

the causative agent of tinea versicolor, most common fungal infection

Malassezia furfur

It interferes with the normal pigmentation of the skin which results to small discolored patches

Malassezia furfur

study of parasites

Parasitology

What are the organisms under Parasitology

• flagellates

• amoebae

• sporozoans

• nematodes

• trematodes

• cestodes

causative agent of STD / trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis

causative agent of malaria

Plasmodium

have one or more whip-like appendages called flagella

Flagellates

are single cell eukaryotic organism, have no definite shape and move by means of pseudopodia

Amoeba

are roundworms

nematodes

are flatworms

trematodes

are tapeworms

cestodes

parasitic roundworms, wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi

elephantiasis

(loving organisms) - tapeworm (head has hooks to attach)

schistosomes or flatworms

study of the immune system

Immunology

first line of defense

Phagocytosis Process

They ingest or engulf other cells or particles.

Phagocytes

unicellular organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus, a mitochondria and other membrane bound organelles.

Prokaryotes

Light microscopy (LM) reveals that they do not have a membrane surrounding their DNA, they do not have a nucleus (nucleoid, a single chromosomal circular double-stranded DNA molecule is located)

Prokaryotes

Electron microscopy (EM) revealed that they also lack various types of membrane-bound structures present in eukaryotes (organelles)

Prokaryotes

Simple and smaller in size

Prokaryotes

What are the domains of Prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archae

Archae was formerly known as

archaebacteria

appears more closely to eukaryotic cells than prokaryotic cells and is found in microorganisms that grow in extreme environmental conditions

Archae

Archeal cell walls lack

peptidoglycan

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes

Eukaryotes

Have a membrane surrounding their DNA forming a nucleus

Eukaryotes

Have numerous other internal membrane-bound compartments referred to as organelles

Eukaryotes

Larger in size and more complex than prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Cells of algae, protozoa, fungi, animals and plants are ___________

eukaryotic

Greek word “Taxis” meaning

arrangement

Greek word “nomos” meaning

law

It is the orderly classification of grouping group organisms into categories.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy involves three structured interrelated categories which are

classification, nomenclature, and identification

method of organizing microorganisms into groups based on similar morphologic, physiologic and genetic tricks

classification

Organization of microorganisms that share similar morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits into specific groups

Taxa

It is the genetic makeup of an organism or combinations of forms of one or a few genes in an organism's genome

genotype

It is the observable physical and functional feature of an organism

phenotype

He discovered three basic types of ribosomes which led to the proposal of a new classification scheme called domain

Carl Woese

What are the three domains of life according to Carl Woese

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

similar to what we call in humans the “clan”

Family

is equivalent to the family name

Genus

is equivalent to human’s first name

Species

Domain with Membrane-enclosed nucleus w/ nucleolus and Complex internal membranous organelles present

Eukarya

Size of ribosomes for Eukarya

80S

Both genus and species should be ___________ in print but ___________ when written in script

italicized, underlined

Species are abbreviated _____ (singular) and _____ (plural)

sp, spp

He developed this system where each organism is given 2 names, the Genus name, and the specific epithet. Together, the 2 names refer to the species.

Carolus Linnaeus

the same species with the same genetic makeup but displays differential physiological characteristics

Biotype

the differentiation is the distinct variation within species of bacteria, virus or among immune cells of different individuals classified together based on their surface antigen

Serotype

strain of bacterium that is sensitive to a certain bacteriopahge or set of bacteriophages; based on the susceptibility of to a certain bacteria

Phagotype

If the Guanine and Cytosine content differs by a __________ percentage, the organisms are NOT closely related

small

refers to the molecular biology technique that measures the degree of the genetic similarity between pools of DNA sequences. It is usually used to determine the genetic distance between two organisms.

Nucleic acid hybridization

Is bacteria a prokaryote or eukaryote?

prokaryotes

Is Fungi a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Eukaryotes

Fungi grows as _________ at human temperature (37C)

yeast

Fungi grows as __________ at room temperature (20C)

dimorphic

Smallest infectious particles and cannot be seen in ordinary light microscope

Viruses

Is virus a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Neither

Term for not composed of cells that lack cytoplasmic membranes, and a protein coat surrounds them.

Acellular

Viruses that can only reproduce within a living cell. Require host cells for replication and metabolism (can not self-replicate)

Obligate Intracellular Parasites