AICE U.S. History Study Guide Note Cards for Midterm

Why did cotton prices drop during the Civil War?

Europe finding cheaper cotton led to a significant drop in prices.

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act during the Civil War?

It helped change the economy by granting land to railroad companies.

What were Grady’s hopes for the South after the Civil War?

He had high hopes for a diversified Southern social system and industry.

What was Lincoln's primary goal after the Civil War?

Rejoining the Union.

What was the Freedman’s Bureau and what did it accomplish?

Led by Radical Republicans, it reunited families, increased education, and boosted African American voter registration.

What action did Congress take regarding Confederate sympathizers?

They worked to eliminate Confederate sympathizers.

What were the Enforcement Acts?

Laws addressing employment problems in the South.

Who were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and W.E.B. Du Bois?

Stanton was an advocate for women’s suffrage; Du Bois supported African American suffrage.

Why was President Johnson impeached?

For overriding the powers of Congress.

What was Booker T. Washington's belief about civil rights?

He believed it would be a slow process and that African Americans needed to learn basic skills.

What did the 14th Amendment achieve?

It granted citizenship and opened up job opportunities in the North for African Americans.

How did the South respond to the 15th Amendment?

By creating restrictions like poll taxes and literacy tests.

What group opposed the Enforcement Acts?

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

How did Native American chiefs view Manifest Destiny?

They opposed it.

How did tenant farmers differ from sharecroppers?

Tenant farmers controlled more of their personal finances.

What did Booker T. Washington believe African Americans needed to focus on?

He believed they needed to learn basic skills.

What was Helen Hunt an advocate for?

Modern education.

What economic policy did Populists propose to boost the economy?

Populists proposed the circulation of silver (bimetallism) to boost the economy, aiming to increase the money supply and help farmers and debtors.

What was the Populist stance on the control of railroads?

Populists supported government control of the railroads to prevent monopolistic practices and protect farmers from exploitative rates.

What was Bryan’s "Gold Speech" about?

It referred to bankers and business supporters.

Who controlled the government during the Progressive Era?

Monopolies.

What were Native Americans subjected to by reservation governments?

Constant relocation.

What did the conservative agenda exclude?

Social programs for the poor.

What did the Interstate Commerce Act regulate?

It set laws and monitored the activities of the railroad industry.

Who supported the Populist Party?

Small farmers.

What urbanization issue did tenements highlight?

Social problems like overcrowding and poor living conditions.

Why were uniformed officers put on patrol in large cities?

To address the growing problem of crime.

What was the purpose of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

It represented efforts to stop businesses from illegally eliminating market competition.

Which industry did John D. Rockefeller monopolize?

The oil industry.

What was the goal of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

To organize skilled and unskilled laborers on a large scale.

What was the Social Gospel Movement’s aim?

To reconstruct and improve American society based on moral and social principles.

How did Henry Flagler contribute to Florida’s economy?

He founded the East Coast Railway, which significantly boosted the state's economy.