carboxylic acid derivatives

what are the 4 ways we already know how to make carboxylic acid

oxidative cleavage of alkynes, oxidation fo primary alcohols, oxidation of alkyl benzene, and grignard of CO2

what is product when reacting anhydride with xs NH3

what is product when reacting anhydride with LAH

what is product when reacting anhydride with H3O

what is the reaction to take an ester to a carboxlic acid

what is nucleophilic acyl substitution rxn

carbox acid deriv, with a good leaving group is replaces by nuc

must have a good LG for this

what is rxn with carbox acid deriv, and an amine

created an amide

how to make an acid chloride with a carbox acid

use SOCL2 and products are acid chloride, SO2, and CL-

what is the hydrolysis of acid chloride

acid chloride to carbox acid

reagents: H2O and Pyr

what is the role of pyr in the hydrolysis of an acid chloride

it deprotonates the H2O as well as binds with chloride ion in order to prevent strong acid from forming

what rxn with acid chloride and an alcohol and pyr

produces an ester

mech is nuc attacks and kicks bond up then deprotonates with pyr

what rxb with acid chloride and 2eq of NH3

amide

dont need WB bc NH3 acts as one

mech is nuc attack and then kicks bond up then deprotonate with Nh3

what rxn with acid chloride and 2eq of primary amine

produces a secondary amide

much is nuc attack and then kicks bond up and deprotonates with the primary amine.

what rxn with acid chloride and 2eq of secondary amine

produces a tertiary amide

mech is nuc attack and then kicks bond up and then deprotonates with the secondary amine.

what is the rxn of a reduction of acid chloride

acid chloride to alcohol

reagent: LAH and H2O

what rxn to go from acid chloride to aldehyde

use reagent LiAL(OR)3H with H2O or DIBAH with H2O

what is gillman reagent rxn

acid chloride to ketone

reagent: R2CuLI

Also can add any carbon chain to an acid chloride

how to prepare anhydrides with acid chloride

what is rxn with anahydride and nuc

adds nuc to the carbonyl atom

what is. fischer esterification rxn

add ester to carbox acid

reagent: alcohol,[H+]

what is saponification rxn (hint the carbox acid is an ester)

creating carboxylate and alcohol

when you react it with H3O afterwards you protonate the carboxylate

what are the two rxn to reduce esters

you can form 2 alcohols by using LAH an H2O

you can form an aldehyde and an alcohol with DIBAH and H2O

what is rxn is hydrolysis of amide in acidic condition

goes from amide to alcohol and NH3

reagent: [H+]

what rxn is hydrolysis of amide in basic conditions

get NH3 and alcoxide

how to make amide from ester

reagent: NH3

what is rxn to dehydrate amide to form a nitrile

amide to R-CN and SO2 and CL-

reagent: SOCl2and a strong base

what is acid catalyzed hydrolysis of nitriles

makes amide from nitrile

reagent, H3O+

what is base catalyzed hydrolysis of nitriles

What is diff in base cat and acid cat hydrolysis of nitriles

In acid cat you don’t de protonate OH group until the end, but in basic cond you deprotonate to get neg charge on O so double bond can form and you do this after N protonates the first time

what reaction with LAH and h2o and nitriile

reduction to an amine

what rxn with grignard , H2O and R-CN

creates a ketone