CPI Test 1

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior

front

posterior

back

medial

toward the middle

lateral

toward the outside, away from the middle

proximal

closest to the middle (to the trunk)

distal

away from the center (furthest away from the trunk

dorsal

pertaining to the backside

ventral

pertaining to the front

palmar

palm side

plantar

bottom of the foot

supine

positioned on the back/spine

prone

positioned on the abdomen

contralateral

pertaining to the opposite side

ipsilateral

pertaining to the same side

cranial

pertaining to the head

anatomical position

facing forward, palms forward; everything faces forward

tendon

attaches muscle to bone

ligament

attaches bone to bone

epiphsis

the end (head) of a long bone

metaphysis

the neck (between head and body) of a long bone

diaphysis

the middle or body (shaft) of a long bone

epiphyseal plate/growth plate

determines length and shape of a long bone

brachio-

arm

cardio-

heart

pulmono-

lungs

gastro-

stomach

derm/dermo-

skin

hemato-

blood

neuro-

nerves

encephalo-

brain

-itis

inflamation of

-osis

process of

-lysis

breakdown of

-algia

pain

-opathy

relating to a disease

-ology

study of

acute

happens abruptly

example of a cute injury

sprained ankle while training

chronic

happens over time; overuse injuries

example of chronic injury

developing tendinitis after repetitive jumping

sprain

twisting or wrenching of ligaments enough to cause tearing but not dislocation

strain

stretching or tearing of tendon enough to cause tearing but not dislocation

Grade I Tear

tearing on a microscopic or minuscule level

Grade II Tear

tearing between minuscule level to partial tears causing looseness but not complete instability

Grade III Tear

complete tearing causing instability

closed fracture

a fracture that does not come through the skin

open fracture

a fracture that comes through the skin

fracture

a break (complete or incomplete) of a bone

subluxation

partial dislocation of a joint

dislocation

abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet

contusions/bruises

broken blood vessels

myositis ossificans

abnormal formation of bone tissue deep with muscle tissue

compartment syndrome

a condition that results in increased pressure in a portion of the body, most commonly forearm or leg

considerations for selecting equipment

player type? age? rules? condition?

National Operating Committee of Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)

develops standards for the manufacture of certain protective athletic equipment; some equipment must have certification stamp

equipment storage

cool, dry, clean place of the floor where no one can easily access them

evaluating equipment

check equipment condition routinely/be aware of alterations

ankle brace

holds ankle in place to heal; dependent on shoe size

knee brace

supports knee to heal

hinged brace

has hinges on one or both sides,allowing knee to bend

neoprene brace

made of synthetic rubber that is stretchy, durable, and water-resistant

compression brace

a stretchy sleeve designed to squeeze a body part to provide stability, comfort, and support

hyperthermia

rise in body temperature

hypothermia

decrease in body temperature

heat syncope/cramps

athlete feels slowed down and muscles begin to cramp due to dehydration/lack of acclimation to conditions

heat exhaustion

inadequate fluid replacement causing profuse sweating, elevated body temperature, pale skin, hard breathing, and rapid pulse

heat stroke

sudden collapse with a strong, rapid pulse, hot and flushed skin, shallow breathing, and a decrease in sweating

frostbite

skin appears hard, pale, and waxy

deep frostbite

crystallization of water in the blood causes tissue death and tearing/microtrauma of blood vessels

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

vasospasms of superficial blood vessels, typically in the fingers, hands, toes and feet/limits blood circulation to distal extremities as a result of cold

flash-to-bang method

count the number of seconds from lightning strike until you hear thunder, then divide by 5 to get approximate number of miles away the strike was; seek shelter within 10 miles

tornado protocols

listen for updates via phone, news radio, and sirens

field safety

arrive early to look for dangers

obvious/visible dangers

giant rocks, broken glass

not-so-obvious dangers

separations in turf, giant ruts in grass

macronurients

nutrients needed in large amounts

types of macronutrients

carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins

micronutrients

nutrients needed in small amounts

types of micronutrients

vitamins, minerals, water

fat-soluble vitamins

dissolved in fat and stored in the body

water-soluble vitamins

dissolved in water and passed through urine

nutritious/balanced diet

incorporate the major food groups and equal recommended amounts

bulimia nervosa

“binge and purge”/eating massive amounts in one setting then vomiting or using laxatives after

anorexia nervosa

distorted body image and denial of hunger

amenorrhea

loss of menstruation

female athlete triad

disordered eating + amenorrhea + osteoporosis

caffeine

increases energy/alertness and decreases fatigue

diuretics

causes fast weight loss and a decrease of drug concentration in the body

amphetamines

increases sense of well-being and heightened mental awareness

beta blockers

slows heart rate by relaxing blood vessels

anabolic steroids

builds muscle mass and causes weight gain

human growth hormone (HGH)

increases muscle mass, skin thickness, height/weight, and decreases body fat

blood doping

removal and re-infusion of red blood cells for long-endurance sports

bloodborne pathogens

pathogenic microorganisms that can potentially cause disease; found in human blood, vaginal/Penal secretions, and other fluids contaminated with blood

hepatitis B

causes swelling, soreness, and loss of liver functions

hepatitis C

80% of those infected do not experience symptoms, 67% develop chronic kidney disease

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

may go 8-10 years without symptoms; destroys immune system and may lead to AIDS

disinfecting

contaminated surfaces should be cleansed with a solution of 1:10 bleach to water; clean all common areas as much as possible