fluids part 1

functions of fluids

-transportation of nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to the cells

-excretion of waste products

-regulation of body temperature

-lubrication of joints, organs and tissues

-medium for food digestion

primary fluid compartments

-intracellular

-extracellular

intracellular

fluid within the cell (potassium)

extracellular

around/outside the cell (sodium)

interstitial

between tissue

intravascular

within the vessels (plasma)

transcellular

around the cells in a certain fluid. (cerebral spinal fluid)

extracellular fluid compartments

-interstitial

-intravascular

-transcelluar

adipose tissue

takes up space of fluids in the body, repels water

fluid shifts

third spacing

third spacing

fluids become trapped into areas where they cannot be utilized by body

third spacing

ascites, edam, peritonitis. sings of fluid volume deficit and increased weight

colloid osmotic pressure

proteins keep fluids within vascular space where they can be utilized

serum albumin

3.5-5.5

when proteins levels drop

fluids leak out of intravascular space to interstitial space (edema)

ascites

fluid that collects in the abdomen

peritonitis

fluid in the abdominal cavity that becomes infected

blood volume is directly to

blood pressure

higher blood volume

bloop pressure increase, creates higher pressure

decreased blood volume (even is misplaced fluid) causes

blood pressure would decrease. to compensate the heart speeds up, causing increase pulse

to get rid of fluid this is prescribed

diuretics

hemtocrit

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

Buffy coat

white blood cells, platelets

plasma

water, proteins, nutrients, hormones,

hematocrit levels

males 42%-52%; females 37%-47%

low albumin

low nutritional value, causes holes in blood vessels, leading to fluid leaking out of the

osmosis

water is going to move from low concentration to high concentration to achieve homeostasis. equalizes porportions

water follows

salt

serum osmolality

concentration in the blood

urine osmolarity (urine specific gravity)

concentration of urine

serum osmolality

275-300

urine specific gravity

1.010-1.030

diffusion

the movement of solutes (opposite of osmosis). high concentration to low concentration

filtration

water and solutes move. from high pressure to low pressure

sodium potassium pumps

on the cell membrane

organs that regulate

-kidneys

-heart

-lungs

-pituitary gland

-adrenal gland

-parathyroid gland

hormonal regulation of fluid

-antidiuretic hormone

-renin angiotensin system

-aldosterone

antidiuretic hormone

stops the body from getting rid of fluid,

aldosterone

takes slat so water will follow

intake of water per day

2.5 liters

healthy people should have an output

equal to input

once a shift

check I and o's unless otherwise ordered every hour

creatinnine

0.7-1.4

blood urea nitrogen

10-20

all hypertonic solutions

go thru central line

given with blood

only normal saline

all electrolytes/given in labor and delivery

lactated ringers

monitor blood sugar with

5% dextrose in water

half normal saline

hypotonic fluids, free water

FVD causes

-sweating

-GI fluid loss

-decreased oral intake

-hemorrhage

-diuretics

-third spacing

FVD signs

-acute weight loss

-decreased skin turgor

-oliguria

-concentrated urine

-postural hypotension

-thirst/dry mucous membranes

FVD treatment

-PO fluids

-isotonic IVF

-monitors I/os

FVE causes

-heart failure

-excessive ingestion of salt

-renal failure

-excessive/rapid IV infusion

FVE signs

-edema

-crackles, SOB, wheezing

-JVD

-hypertension and tachycardia

-weight gain

FVE treatment

-diuretics

-fluid restriction

-daily weights

-dialysis

diuretics

-thiazide diuretics

-loop diuretics

-potassium sparing diuretics