Chapter 8 - Mitosis

mitosis is

the division of duplicated chromosomes into 2 identical daughter nuclei

mitosis creates

somatic, body cells that are diploid

cell cycle interphase

cell grows, dna duplicates, prepares for division

g0 phase

nondividing

g1

cell functions and growth

s phase

dna replication, repair damaged dna, dna replication proteins created

g2

more cell growth, prep for division

helicase

unzips the double helix

binding proteins

stabilizes strands

primase

adds rna primers to template strand

dna polymerase

adds nucleotides to form new strands

ligase

joins phosphodiester to backbone

chromatin

loose uncoiled dna

chromosome

molecule of dna, condensed chromatin

chromatid

half of duplicated chromosome

centromere

center of chromosome

prophase

chromatins condense into chromosomes, spindle fibers formed

prometaphase

nuclear envelope breaks, spindle fibers attach to centromere of chromosome

metaphase

chromosomes line up along equator

anaphase

sister chromatids separate to opposite sides

telophase

nuclear envelope reforms, two nucleus form, chromosomes decondense

cytokinesis

divides cytoplasm into two cells

oncogene

gene that codes for proteins which stop cell cycle

apoptosis

programmed cell death

somatic cells are

diploid meaning 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs