BIOL241 DNA mutation/repair

DNA Polymerase Error

point mutation (s)

slippage mutation

insertion/deletion (s)

tautomer shift mutation

point mutation (s)

deamination mutation

point mutation (s)

depurination mutation

point mutation (s)

base analog mutation

point mutation (i)

alkylating agent mutation

point mutation (i)

intercalating agent mutation

insertion/deletion (i)

UV light mutation

TT dimer (i)

ionizing radiation mutation

DSB (i)

Proofreading

correcting errors during DNA replication

MMR

methylation of GATC to properly match up bases

Base excision repair

excises uracils in DNA making AP sites. uses DNA glycosylase and AP endonuclease

Nucleotide Excision Repair

fixes bulky lesions and TT dimers

homologous recombination repair

fixes double stranded breaks using a template for precise repair

non-homologous end joining

fixes double stranded breaks by connecting broken ends of DNA without a template, often leading to more mutations.

SOS response

fixes DNA with major problems, often doing whatever it can to save the organism despite any new problems it may cause