PARTS OF CELL

Cell

Building blocks of life

Nucleus

Genetic Library of the cell

Nuclear Membrane

separates the nuclear content from the cytoplasm

Nuclear pores

A channels that facilitate the inward and outward movement of molecules

Nucleoplasm

Fluid portion of the nucleus where the genetic material is suspended

Nucleolus

site where the subunits of ribosome are assemble and maturation of ribosomal RNA for release in the synthesis occurs.

DNA molecule

a long strand present in the nucleus

Chromosomes

formed during cell division by the condensation of chromatin strands

Cell Membrane

Partially permeable barrier controlling exchange between the cell and its environment

Microvilli

fingerlike projections that increase surface area for absorption

Cytoplasm

Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

Cytosol

Fluid containing nutrients

Organelles

Metabolic machinery of the cell

Inclusions

Non-functioning units

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Ribosomes

Protein factories in the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Biosynthetic factory of the cells

Golgi Apparatus

Shipping and receiving center

Lysosomes

Digestive compartments of the cell

Apoptosis

a processes of destroying certain cells.

Peroxisomes

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes

VACUOLE

Diverse Maintenance Compartments

CYTOSKELETON

For support, motility and regulation of the cell

Cellular Projection

Used for movement

Cilia

move materials across the cell surface - usually short and many

Flagellum

Propels the cell - usually long and few in number.

MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

movement of substance into and out of the cell

S. Singer and G. Nicolson

proposed the Fluid mosaic model

Diffusion

A single substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration  until the concentration is equal across the place.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Material moves across the plasma membrane with the assistance of transmembrane proteins down a concentration gradient without the expenditure of cellular energy.

OSMOSIS

diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane.

TONICITY

describes the amount of solute in a solution

Osmolarity

The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution

ENDOCYTOSIS

type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells, into a cell.

PHAGOCYTOSIS

The process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by cells.

PINOCYTOSIS

Taken in solutes that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid and Cell drinking.

EXOCYTOSIS

A particle enveloped in membrane fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane.