transfers of energy

energy

ability to do work

work

a force acts upon an object to cause a displacement

potential energy

stored energy based on objects position/arrangement, energy not in motion, potential to perform work but not in motion, PE = mgh

kinetic energy

energy that an object has due to its motion, energy = currently in motion, KE = 1/2 mv^2

aerodynamic energy

sound occurs when disturbance resulting from some kind of movement creates changed in pressure in a gas, liquid, or solid medium, amount of aerodynamic energy being used is = to mass of air X the

ex: turbulent air

acoustic energy

ability for sound to continue producing work

more acoustic energy a sound has

more resistant it will be to dampener, travel further, passed through more mediums

more mechanical energy

more work that can be produced

mechanical energy (solid)

amount affected by mass of physical object, velocity of physical object, acceleration of physical object

ex: moving machinery, gears & chains

hydraulic energy

liquid

ex: flowing water

electric energy

V = Voltage, I = Current (amps), R = resistance

V = IR

dampening

decrease in amplitude, object absorbing/displace energy to reduce amplitude of work output, less dense = more dampening features

mechanical dampening

dampening = decrease in amplitude, object absorbing/displaces energy to reduce amplitude of work output

hydraulic dampening

dampening decrease in amplitude, object absorbs/displaces energy to reduce amplitude of work output

outer ear

collects & redirects acoustic energy, energy travels through auditory canal where it will impact eardrum

outer ear components:

1. pinna

2. external auditory canal

3. tympanic membrane

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

absorbs acoustic energy & move in accordance to energy it collects, if sound wave is high in amplitude = shift further from its mid point, sound wave = higher in frequency = will shift faster & vise versa

middle ear

chamber between eardrum & cochlea, concentrate vibrations of eardrum on cochlea's oval window

middle ear components:

1. malleus

2. incus

3. stapes

4. hammer, anvil, stirrup

eustachian tube

narrow tube between middle ear & throat, equalize pressure on both sides of eardrum, drains mucus to nasopharynx

stapedius

contraction in response to loud noises (>80 dB HL) pulls stapes to side, reducing its coupling to oval window, response = acoustic (stapedial reflex), decreases sound intensity by 10 dB bilaterally will eventually fatigue in a noisy environment

inner ear

filtering distribution, transduction, hearing & balance

inner ear components:

1. vestibule

2. semicircular canals

3. cochlea

inner ear & hydraulic energy

fluids w/in inner ear now moved around the organ, fluids are enclosed & transfer the mechanical energy of stapes to oval window

organ of corti

center part of, cochlea, containing hair cells, canals, & membranes

basilar membrane & hydraulic energy

hydraulic energy is organized by ability to dampen energy, will stimulate appropriate code for what frequency is heard

mechanical energy (ear)

middle ear

mechanical energy - hydraulic energy - electrical energy (ear)

inner ear

aerodynamic energy (ear)

outer ear