History I H - English Reformation - U3 Test (Bonnano)

What was the goal of Henry VIII?

To marry and produce a male heir

Who were Henry's wives?

1. Catherine of Aragon (divorced)
2. Anne Boleyn (beheaded)
3. Jane Seymour (died in childbirth)
4. Anne of Cleves (divorced)
5. Catherine Howard (beheaded)
6. Catherine Parr (survived)

Why does Henry break away from the Catholic Church?

He wants annulment to divorce his wife because she could not bear him a son but the church wouldn't let them divorce

What is the Act of Supremacy?

It declared that the King/Queen of England instantly became the Head of Church - this allowed Henry to instantly annul his marriage

When did parliament pass the Act of Supremacy?

1534

Who was Edward VI?

Jane Seymour (Henry's third wife) and Henry's only son - born very sickly

What was Edward VI's rule like?

He became the king at 9 years old in 1547 and reigned for 6 years before dying at 15

What did Edward do?

He made protestant (anglican) which was his father's religion the main religion

Had Church services in English

Created the Book of Common prayer - England's only form of worship

Who was Mary Tudor?

Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon (first wife)

What was Mary's rule like?

She took the throne in 1553 at 37 and dies in 1558

What did Mary Tudor do during her reign?

She made England Catholic - brought power back to the Pope in England

Married Philip II of Spain (Catholic)

Burned many Protestants alive to spread the Catholic religion - got her the title "Bloody Mary"

Placed her sister Elizabeth under House Arrest

Who was Elizabeth I?

Daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (second wife)

What was Elizabeth's reign like?

Takes throne in 1558 and never marries - known as the "Virgin Queen" dies in 1603

What did Elizabeth do during her rule?

She restored the Church of England (Anglicanism) - Father's religion

Ruled Via Media

Passed Act of Uniformity 1559

Never marries

What does Via Media mean?

A compromise: a state church that moderate Catholics & moderate Protestants would both accept

What was the Act of Uniformity?

It made church attendance mandatory and kept some catholic traditions

Who did Elizabeth I kill and when?

She killed her Cousin Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 because of the babington plot - this enraged Catholics

What did Philip II do after Elizabeth killed her cousin?

He sent a Spanish armada to England in 1588 but a storm sank the Spanish fleet

He was also mad because Elizabeth rejected his marriage proposal

(people thought it was God’s will that it sank)

Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Queen of Scotland and was Catholic even though Scotland was Calvinist

What happened with Mary Queen of Scots?

She was beheaded because she became involved with a plot to kill Elizabeth which gets her executed - she was also a problem for Elizabeth because Elizabeth had no children

What was Jesuits order and when was is established?

Established by Ignatius Loyola in 1540

It founded schools, converted people into christianity (missionaries) and wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism

What was the Ursulines order and when was it established?

Established in 1535

All female order - focus was on christian education girls - focused on rejuvenating the family and society

What was the Carmelites order?

St. Teresa of Avila adressed the needs of for reforms in the Carmelite order

Stressed importance of personal prayer

Demanded complete poverty & rejection of property for priests

When did Pope Paul assemble the Council of Trent?

In 1543

What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?

It met to reaffirm traditional Catholic doctrines while addressing church issues like simony, absenteeism, indulgences, etc

Which corrupt practices were banned/acknowledged at the Council of Trent?

Absenteeism, Simony, Nepotism

Which church doctrines were kept?

Seven sacraments, transubstantiation, indulgences, power of the pope, art within churches, faith and good works, celibacy for the priest

What did Pope Paul IV legacy of reformation do?

Added new protestant churches throughout England, emphasis on education, Catholic Church become more unified from the council of Trent, rulers began to seek powers for themselves, questioning of beliefs led to the Enlightenment

When did the counter reformation take place?

1545-1648

What was the purpose of the counter reformation?

It formed new religious orders and held councils to examine church doctrines - ex: jesuits order, ursilines, and carmelites - oppose Protestantism and trying to spread Catholicism

Who was Catherine of Aragon?

Henry's first wife - married to strengthen alliance with Spain - couldn't produce a male heir so Henry divorced her - gave birth to Mary Tudor and had many miscarriages

Who was Anne of Boleyn?

Henry's second wife - beheaded her because she was supposedly having an affair - gave birth to Elizabeth I

Who was Jane Seymour?

Henry's third wife - died in childbirth - supposedly the only one Henry loved because she gave him a male heir (Edward)

Who was Anne of Cleves?

Henry's fourth wife - German princess - married for political reasons to strengthen protestantism
"The Ugly Wife" - Divorced after 6 months

Who was Catherine Howard?

Henry's fifth wife - only 17 years old when she married Henry (nearly 50)
Had an affair and was beheaded

Who was Catherine Parr?

Henry's sixth wife - took care of Henry and his family as he was dying - helped Mary and Elizabeth get back in the line of succession

How many wives did Henry execute and who were they?

Two - Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard

When did the religious wars start?

1529 - Germany was divided between Luther and the Pope - ends 1555

What is Purgatory?

A place Roman Catholics believed it to be a place of cleansing and preparation for heaven