M1L3 - Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids

Which of the following is a six-membered aromatic heterocycle with no substituents?

pyrimidine

Which of the following is a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle fused to a 5-membered ring with no substituents?

purine

Which is a purine with a C6 amino group?

adenine

Which is a purine with a C2 amino group and a C6 keto group?

guanine

Which is a pyrimidine with a C2 and C4 keto group?

uracil

Which is a pyrimidine with a C2 keto group and a C4 amino group?

cytosine

Which is a pyrimidine with a C2 keto group, a C4 amino group, and a C5 methyl group?

thymine

What is a ribonucleoside?

nucleotide plus ribose sugar

What are the four ribonucleosides?

adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine

What is a ribonucleotide?

a ribonucleoside plus one or more phosphate groups

What is adenine plus ribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

adenosine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (AMP/ADP/ATP)

What is cytosine plus ribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

cytidine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (CMP/CDP/CTP)

What is guanine plus ribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

guanosine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (GMP/GDP/GTP)

What is uracil plus ribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

uridine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (UMP/UDP/UTP)

What is a deoxyribonucleoside?

nucleotide plus deoxyribose sugar

What are the four deoxyribonucleosides?

2’-deoxyadenosine, 2’-deoxycytidine, 2’-deoxyguanosine, thymidine

What is a deoxyribonucleotide?

a deoxyribonucleoside plus one or more phosphate groups

What is adenine plus deoxyribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

2’-deoxyadenosine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (dAMP/dADP/dATP)

What is cytosine plus deoxyribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

2’-deoxycytidine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (dCMP/dCDP/dCTP)

What is guanine plus deoxyribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

2’-deoxyguanosine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (dGMP/dGDP/dGTP)

What is thymine plus deoxyribose plus 1-3 phosphate groups?

thymidine 5’-mono/di/triphosphate (TMP/TDP/TTP)

What is uracil with a 5’ methyl group connected to deoxyribose connected to triphosphate?

thymidine 5’-triphosphate (TTP)

What is the 1st structural property of double helix DNA?

double strands, antiparallel

What is the 2nd structural property of double helix DNA?

right handed helical twist

What is the 3rd structural property of double helix DNA?

phosphate-sugar backbone OUTSIDE, with (anti)-bases INSIDE, resulting in “major “ and “minor” grooves

What is the 4th structural property of double helix DNA?

complementary H-bonded “A=T” and “C≡G” base pair (bp) planes perpendicular to helical axis

What is the 5th structural property of double helix DNA?

sequential base pairs "stack" along the helical axis, 10 bp per helical turn

In prokaryotes, mRNA is __________, meaning it encodes for more than one gene product

polycistronic

In eukaryotes, mRNA is ____________, meaning it encodes for ONLY ONE gene product

monocistronic

What two things are added to eukaryotic mRNA that are not present in prokaryotic mRNA?

a 5’ GTP cap and a 3’ poly-A tail