08B. Sessions of Parliament

What is the maximum gap without session, has it ever happened? in covid?

1. 6 months

2. It never happened, even in covid.

Sessions of parliament

1. Budget session

2. Monsoon session

3. Winter session

1. Feb-May - budget

2. july-September - bills

3. Nov-Dec - famous for private member bills

What is recess

The period between 2 sessions

what and who decides

1. Adjournment

2. Adjournment Sine Die

3. Prorogation

1. Suspend the sitting for specific time - Speaker

2. Indefinitely - Speaker

3. end of session - President

Dissolution of house

1. Automatically

2. prematurely

1. At the end of 5 years

2. At the discretion of president

Bills after dissolution

1. Originating in Rajya sabha but not gone to Lok sabha

2. Passed by both houses ,waiting for pres assent

3. originating in LS, not passed by RS

4. Pending in LS , passed by RS

5. Pending in RS, passed by LS

1. Does not lapse

2. Does not lapse

all other lapses

Quorum

1. LS

2. RS

1. 55

2. 25

When is secret ballot used in parliament

1. Eelction of president

2. Eelction of Vicepresident

3. Election of members to financial committees

- PAC

- Estimate committee

- Committee on public undertakings

functions of

- PAC

- Estimate committee

- Committee on public undertakings

1. CAG reports verificaton

2. estimates of budget

3. Verifies PSUs accounts

Language of Parliament

1. Hindi and English

Rights of Ministers and AGI

Can participate in any house without voting

Lame-duck session

1. What

2. Why

1. Last session after new Lok-sabha is elected but before its first sitting

2. Any unfinished businesses

Lets see parliamentary procedures

Question hour

1.What

2. Types of questions

3. Is it in constitution?

1. MPs pose questions to ministers,

seeking information on various matters of public interest.

2. Starred - oral +supplemntary

unstarred - written, no supplementary

short notices - with 10 days notice

3. No, rules of procedure

Zero hour

1. what

2. Is it in consti

1. allowing MPs to raise matters of urgent public importance

without prior notice

2. No, informal practise

broad classification of motions

1. Substantive motions

2. Substitute motions

3. Subsidiary motions and types

1. Independent self containing proposals. ex:removal of Pres, CEC etc

2. Moved as an alternative to original motion, it replaces the original if adopted. ex: motion to amend an earlier proposal regarding a bill. Its like I dont like your plan A , see alternative my plan B

3. These motions have no independent meaning and depend on a main motion.

- Ancillary motion- procedural motions to facilitate business in the house

- superseding motion - I dont want to talk about this motion right now, lets move to other motion

amendment - Lets make change to your plan A

Closure motion

1. What

2. Simple closure

3. Closure by compartment

4. Kangaroo clause

5. Guillotine clause

1. To avoid one matter taking too much time

2. Enough debate and lets vote, cannot apply to undiscussed parts

3. bill is divided into compartments and each compartment is debated and then closure by compartment will lead to vote on that compartment

4. Only the important ones are discussed, remaining parts of bill are assumed to be passed

5. It is used when time is less, both discussed and undiscussed are put to vote together

Privilege motion

1. What

2. result

3. What is privilege in here

1. If a minister breaks parliamentary privilege like false news, with holding facts etc

2. If adopted then a committee will enquire and subimt the report to the house. If guilty then punishment like suspension etc

3. The house has privilege to know all facts correctly to function efficiently so if a minister withhold facts then he is violating the privilege of the house

Calling Attention Motion

1. What

2. Diff between this vs Zero hour

1. to draw the attention of a minister to a matter of urgent public importance and seek an authoritative statement on the issue

2. Zero hour is convention , this is in rules (like all motions), and in zero hour the minister need not reply but here he have to

Adjournment Motion

1. What

2. In which house

3. diff between this and Calling attention

4. Will lead to resignation?

1. adjournment motion is a unique and extraordinary parliamentary device that seeks to interrupt normal business to

discuss a definite matter of urgentpublic importance.

2. Only in lok sabha

3. If its passed then all other things are kept aside for 2.5 hours, then opposition attacks the gvt and final there will be a vote unlike the calling attention motion, if vote is lost then it is signal that gvt did bad thing

4. No

No confidence motion

1. result

fall of gvt

Confidence motion

1. Why

to prove majority in case gvt is formed without clear majority

Censure Motion

1. Why

2. against whom

3. fall of gvt

1. to express disapproval of the government's policies or

administrativeactions

2. a minister or group of minister or whole CoM

3. typically no, but if it is moved against CoM then they have to prove their confidence by confidence motion immdiately

Motion of thanks

1. what

2. When

3. if failed

1. President's Address to Parliament

2. either at the first session following general elections or at the beginning of each fiscal year.

3. fall of gvt

Other motions, read them later

Resolution vs motion

motions are broad term, they cover many aspects like we saw above, resolution is a type of motion where voting happens at the end, resolution is the formal decision on paper after the vote.

Every resolution starts as a motion.

Types of resolutions

Private Member's Resolution:

Government Resolution:

Statutory Resolution: mandated by consti

Youth parliament

1. Who provides guidance

2. Why did it start

1. Ministry of Parliamentary affairs

2. by recommendation of the Fourth All India Whips Conference

Lets see legislative process from here

Four main types of bills

1. Ordinary bills

2. Money bills

3. Financial bills

4. CABs

Ordinary bills process

1. first reading

2. Second reading and its stages

3. 3rd reading

4. Bill in the 2nd house

1. reading title and objective, then published in gazette

2. - stage of general discussion: house maygive it to committee or take immediate consideration or public opinion

- Committee stage: Committee gives a detailed report

- consideration stage: the house debates and votes on each clause and ammending the clauses are allowed

3. Here bill as a whole is voted without any ammendments allowed

4. It goes same above 3 steps

is seeking leave(asking permission before introduction) from the house is necessary?

If the bill is not published in gazette before 1st reading then yes and if it is then no

Actions by 2nd house

1. Pass bill without amendments

2. Pass bill with amendments and return to 1st house

3. Reject the bill

4. Take no action for 6 months

1. Bill passed

2.

3. Deadlock

4. Deadlock

1. What id deadlock

2. What happens if there is deadlock?

3. Who presides joint sitting

4. If both S,DS are not available then who sits

5. Joint sitting not available for what type of bills

1. the other house reject the bill

- two houses disagree on amendments

- other house fail to act in 6 months

2. President can summon a joint sitting

3. Speaker or deputy speaker

4. Deputy chairman (not chairman)

6. Money bills and CABs

Public bill vs private bill

By ministers vs by non-ministers

Failure of which bills will result in government fall

1. Money bill(not necessarily financial bills)

2. Budget

3. Motion of thanks

4. Cut motion passed

5. NCM

Money Bills

1. Which article

2. 6 elements

3. Who decides

4. Prior recommendation

5. Rajya sabha role

6. introduction in

1. 110

2.- Imposition/abolition/alteration of taxes

- regulation of borrowing by the Union

- Custody, payment into and withdrawl from the CFI and CgFI,

- Appropriation of money out of CFI

- declaration or increase of expenditure charged on CFI

- and receipts or custody of Public money

3.Speaker

4. President

5. Rajya sabha have to return the bill with 14 days, the recommendations need not be followed

6. Only Lok sabha

why isn't appropriation out of CgFI in money bill list?

Because you can't appropriate money out of CgFI, you can withdraw but you have to put it back, and you only use it in emergencies so you can't predict emergencies and appropriate money for it.

Financial Bill(1)

1. Article

2. What matters

3.Prior permission

4. introduced in

5. Later

6. Joint sitting

7. President final decisions

1. Article 117(1)

2. Money bill matters + other issues

3. President

4. Only in Lok sabha

5. Once introduced it follows ordinry legislative procedure

6. Yes

7. assent/dissent/return for consideration

Financial Bill(2)

1. Article

2. What matters

3.Prior permission

4. introduced in

5. Later

6. Joint sitting

7. President final decisions

1. 117(3)

2. Only matters of expenditure but not in article 110 matters , suppose the gvt passes a highway act bill where it says it will do expenditure then it will be financial bill(2) {later it will pass money bill to appropriate funds for this purpose}

3. President permission is needed for reconsideration

4. can be in both houses

5. same as ordinary bill

6. allowed

7. can asset/dissent/reconsideration

Public accounts