BIO 2: Biological molecules

food tests/enzymes/movement of substances

Food test for starch

Iodine

lipids and carbohydrates elements

CHO

carbon

hydrogen

oxygen

proteins elements

CHON

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• nitrogen

carbohydrates structure

monosaccharides

lipids structure

triglycerides= 1 glycerol+3 fatty acids

positive result for iodine test

blue/black

negative result for iodine

brown/orange

food test for sugar

Benedicts

positive result for benedicts 

blue-orange-brick red

negative result for benedicts

blue

food test for proteins

biuret

positive result for biuret

purple

negative result for biuret

blue

food test for lipids

ethanol emulsion

positive result for ethanol emulsion

milky-white emulsion

negative result for ethanol

clear

enzymes definition

proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up rate of chemical reaction without being used up itself

how does temp/pH affect enzymes

as temp/pH increases the enzyme activity also increases until it reaches optimum temp/pH then the active site denatures

diffusion

net movement of particles from an area of high to low conc

osmosis

net movement of water particles from a high to low water potential across a partially permeable membrane

active transport

movement of particles from low to high conc using energy from respiration

4 factors affecting transport

• SA:V ratio

• concentration gradient

• temperature

• distance