ap world

middle ages

the period in western european history from the decline and fall of the roman empire until the 15th century

manorialism

system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the middle ages. involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchange labor or rents for access to land

serfs

peasants agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the middle ages

moldboard

heavy plow introduced in northern europe during the middle ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medieval agricultural system

three-field system

system of agricultural cultivation; rotated crops between 3 areas and left one area unattended

clovis

King of the Franks (German Tribe); Converted them to Christianity 

charles martel

Defeated the Muslims from invading Europe at the Battle of Tours  He stopped them in France

By stopping them he confined the muslims to spain

charlemange

also known as charles the great; Holy Roman Empire; Took over Northern and Central Europe; restored some church based education in western europe

vassals

members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a feudal lord in return for military service and loyalty

investiture

when a king appoints a bishop hence taking away power from the pope; pope tried to ban this and it started the war with. holy roman emperor henry IV

thomas aquinas

believes that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law and nature of God

gothic

an architectural style that developed during the middle ages in western europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external supports on main walls

vikings

seagoing Scandinavian raiders from sweden, den,mark and norway who disrupted coastal areas of western europe from the 8th to 11th century

tenochtitlan

became center of aztec power ; joined with tlacopan and texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of mesoamerica

Chinampas

put mud and aquatic weeds in a frame on a lake which created floating islands they used to grow crops

aztec empire

\-They were warrior people who conquered their neighbors

They practiced human sacrifice

Utilized agricultural means

Merchant class was called Pochteca 

Warrior Class

Priestly Class

calpulli

families in the aztec empire that made up the classes

inca

In the Andes

Built a road system through the mountains

Very narrow country

Do not force people to pay tribute and don't really kill conquered people

Dirt roads suffered from the weather during winter

In spring people gather to help prepare the roads for free

Machupichu- Capital

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tambos

stations that provide food and shelter for runners

mita

free service the citizens give to the empire

quipu

A system of knots and string that the Incas used to replace the writing 

Tied knots and strings to represent words and numbers

jinshi

people who graduated with high honors were the dignitaries and government leaders aka top ranking people

seppuku

when samurais killed themselves after losing a battle in the name of honor

samurai

military elite in china

william harvey

discovered blood circulation

junks

chinese ships with watertight bulkheads

flying money

japanese credit instrument that was a early form of credit cards

footbinding

practice of binding a womens feet tightly and deforming them so they would stay at home and work

shogun

military leaders of bakufu (military government in japan)

kami kaze

divine wind

renaissance

cultural and political movement in western europe, art and culture based

henry the navigator

Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of navigations of expeditions along the african coast

Cortez

Conquered the Aztecs

pizzaro

conquered the inca empire

balboa

discovered the pacific ocean

ferdinand and isabella

united spain and joined forces to remove the muslims from spain

paid columbus to travel to the east but he landed in the americas instead and assumed it was india

mercantalism

economic theory that stressed governments promotion of limitation

columbus

explorer that was paid by isabella and ferdinand to go to asia but landed in the americas instead and started a series of expeditions and exchanges between the natives and other countries

magellan

first man to circumnavigate the globe

british east india company

joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in india

anglican church

form of protestant church established by Henry VII to be able to divorce his first wife

mary Wollstonecraft

enlightenment feminist thinker in england, argued for political rights of women

cromwell

gets rid of the monarchy in England by executing king Charles the 1st and fighting him in civil war for many years and the fact that they wouldn’t let the people have freedom and tried to restrict parliament

charles I

king of england who was executed by cromwell after an abuse of his power on parliament and the people

louis XIV (14th)

created the palace of versailles , said he was france

louis XVI

married Marie Antoinette , was beheaded

claire of aussisi

started catholic order of nuns

boyars

russian nobles

benedict of nursia

laws for male monks

joseph II

emperor of austria

zulu

african tribe that ran into people trying to settle in south africa

triangle trade

europe > africa > caribbean

Europe to africa guns and bibles were brought, they traded them for slaves and brought slaves to the carribean for natural resources

fulani

african tribe that were of islamic background, fought other people and sold off captured enemies as slaves for money

russia

warm water ports

romanov

russian imperial family that was executed after nicholas was overly controlled by his wife and displeased the people leading to his families down fall

bushi

another name of japanese warrior

napoleon

ran the french army, took over french government after war and tried to control other european countries as well as reform them but they fought and over powered him and isolated him until he died

romanticism

romantic feeling, love, patriotism, paintings of nature

impressionism

how the artist sees the subject

darwin

biologist, wrote about evolution and survival of the fittest

conservative

wanted to stay the same

liberal

wanted change

radical

wanted to change everything

moderate

wanted some change and some to stay the same

hapsburg

royal family of austria and napoleon marries the kings daughter

feudalism

decentralized political and economic structure , powerful local lords divded their land holding among less lords (vassals)

islam

religion in the east, many people followed it, had pillars in which were followed, follows the quaran

icon

statue of an important figure

einstein

e = mc2

robespierre

leader of french revolution, reign of terror, was executed

baroque

eng style of architecture and music

brazil

factories were here

was conquered and land was divided among countries

was claimed for the king of portugal

hohenzollern

german royal family

stuart

german royal family

hanover

new royal family of england