chem lab naming stuff

Li+

Lithium ion

K+

Potassium ion

Rb+

Rubidium ion

Cs+

Cesium ion

Fr+

Francium ion

Ag+

Silver ion (common one)

Be2+

Beryllium ion

Mg2+

Magnesium ion

Ca2+

Calcium ion

Sr2+

Strontium Ion

Ba2+

Barium ion

Ra+

radium ion

Ni2+

Nickel ion

Zn2+

Zinc ion

Cd2+

Cadmium ion

Al3+

Aluminum ion

Ga3+

Gallium ion

Co2+

Cobalt(II) ion or Cobaltous ion

Co3+

Cobalt(III) ion or Cobaltic ion

Cu+

Copper(I) ion or Cuprous ion

Cu2+

Copper(II) ion or Cupric ion

Fe2+

Iron(ii) ion or Ferrous ion

Fe3+

Iron (iii) ion or Ferric ion

Pb2+

Lead(ii) ion or Plumbous ion

Pb4+

Lead(iv) ion or Plumbic ion

Hg^{2+
     2}

Mercury(i) ion* or mercurous ion

Hg2+

Mercury(ii) ion or mercuric ion

Sn2+

Tin(ii) ion or stannous ion

Sn4+

Tin(iv) ion or stannic ion

F-

Fluoride ion

Cl-

Chloride ion

Br-

Bromide ion

I-

Iodide ion

H-

Hydride ion

O₂^-** (in HO2)

Superoxide ion (over all -1 each O -1/2)

O2-

oxide ion

S2-

sulfide ion

Se2-

Selenide ino

O^2-  in (H2O2)
  2

perioxide ion (overall -2 each O -1)

N3-

Nitride ion

P3-

phosphide ion

Naming inorganic covalent compounds

only nonmetals name LESS electronegative element FIRST then MORE electronegative, and change end of chemical name to -ide. Use prefixes if needed for mulitple (mono omitted for first element BUT NOT for second ex. carbon MONOxide)

H2O and NH3

Water and ammonia and some hydrogen-containing covalent compounds have nonsystematic names

prefix 1

mono-

prefix 2

di-

prefix 3

tri-

prefix 4

tetra-

prefix 5

penta-

prefix 6

hexa-

prefix 7

hepta-

NF3

nitrogen trifluride

N2O4

dinitrogen tetraoxide

OF2

Oxygen difluride

7 Strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

Strong base usually is

Metal Oxide(O) or Metal Hydroxide (OH)

pH is

-log[H+ or H3O]

diatomic elements and the other neutral ones

H,O,F, Br, I, N, Cl (diatomic) and S8 and P4 and O3 (ozone)

NH4+

ammonium

H3O+

Hydronium

Hydroxide

OH-

Cyanide

CN-

thiocyanate

SCN-

permanganate

MnO₄^-

Nitrite

NO2-

Nitrate

NO3-

hypochlorite

ClO-

chlorite

ClO2-

chlorate

ClO3-

perchlorate

ClO4-

bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate

HCO3-

dihydrogen phosphate

H2PO4-

acetate

CH3COO-

Chromate

CrO₄^2-

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

sulfite

SO₃^2-

sulfate

SO₄^2-

carbonate

CO₃^2-

hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄^2-

Oxalate

C₂O₄^2-

Arsenite

AsO₃^3-

Arsenate

AsO₄^3-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Naming ionic compounds

Metal+nonmetal name cation first (positive) then negative. Neutral overall. No need to note number of cation or anions.

Inorganic acids

Acid=1 or more H+ bonded to anion and ONLY H+ and anion. Neutral overall. covalent.

Polyatomic anions consist mostly of

Nonmetallic (other than permanganate, chromate, dichromate, arsenite, arsenate) element with diff number of oxygen atoms called oxoanions

Oxoacid

protons bonded to oxoanion

Naming oxoacid

-ate to -ic
-ite to -ous

H+ and NO3

H+ and nitrate to nitric acid

H+ and NO2

H+ and nitrite to nitrous acid

Naming inorganic acids:

closely related to names of anions in acids
Ex:
…-ide to Hydro…-ic acid
Per…-ate to Per…-ic acid
…-ate to …ic acid
…-ite to …-ous acid
Hypo…-ite to Hypo…-ous acid

HCN

cyanide, so hydrocyanic acid

HBr

bromide so hydrobromic acid

H2S

sulfide so hydrosulfuric acid

HClO4

Perchlorate so perchloric acid

HClO3

Chlorate so chloric acid

H2SO4

Sulfate so sulfuric acid

HClO2

Chlorite so chlorous acid

H2SO3

Sulfite so sulfurous acid

HClO

hypochlorite so hypochlorous acid

MnO₄^2-

manganate