Lab 1: Regions, Planes, Directions, Actions

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Fron·tal/Kor·o·nal Plane:
Frontal Coronal Plane: (frons = forehead; corona = crown; planus = flat surface)

Definition: A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Sagittal Plane

Sa·git·tal Plane:
Sagittal Plane: (sagitta = arrow; planus = flat surface)

Definition: A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

Transverse Plane

Trans·verse Plane:
Transverse Plane: (transversus = turned across; planus = flat surface)

Definition: A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

Anterior

An·te·ri·or:
Anterior: (ante = before/in front of)

Definition: Referring to the front of the body.

Posterior

Pos·te·ri·or:
Posterior: (post = behind/after)

Definition: Referring to the back of the body.

Superior

Su·pe·ri·or:
Superior: (super = above)

Definition: Referring to a position above or higher than another part.

Inferior

In·fe·ri·or:
Inferior: (inferus = below)

Definition: Referring to a position below or lower than another part.

Medial

Me·di·al:
Medial: (medius = middle)

Definition: Closer to the midline of the body.

Lateral

Lat·er·al:
Lateral: (latus = side)

Definition: Farther from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Prox·i·mal:
Proximal: (proximus = nearest)

Definition: Closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Distal

Dis·tal:
Distal: (distare = to stand apart)

Definition: Farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Superficial

Su·per·fi·cial:
Superficial: (superficialis = pertaining to the surface)

Definition: Closer to the surface of the body.

Deep

Deep:
Deep: (deop = profound)

Definition: Farther away from the surface of the body.

Unilateral

U·ni·lat·er·al:
Unilateral: (unus = one; latus = side)

Definition: Involving one side of the body.

Bilateral

Bi·lat·er·al:
Bilateral: (bis = twice; latus = side)

Definition: Involving both sides of the body.

Ipsilateral

Ip·si·lat·er·al:
Ipsilateral: (ipse = self/same; latus = side)

Definition: On the same side of the body.

Contralateral

Con·tra·lat·er·al:
Contralateral: (contra = against/opposite; latus = side)

Definition: On the opposite side of the body.

Flexion

Flex·ion:
Flexion: (flectere = to bend)

Definition: A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Extension

Ex·ten·sion:
Extension: (extendere = to stretch out)

Definition: A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Adduction

Ad·duc·tion:
Adduction: (ad = toward; ducere = to lead)

Definition: Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Abduction

Ab·duc·tion:
Abduction: (ab = away; ducere = to lead)

Definition: Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Medial Rotation

Me·di·al Ro·ta·tion:
Medial Rotation: (medius = middle; rotare = to turn)

Definition: Rotating a body part toward the midline.

Lateral Rotation

Lat·er·al Ro·ta·tion:
Lateral Rotation: (latus = side; rotare = to turn)

Definition: Rotating a body part away from the midline.

Opposition

Op·po·si·tion:
Opposition: (opponere = to set against)

Definition: Movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the other fingers.

Reposition

Re·po·si·tion:
Reposition: (re = back; ponere = to place)

Definition: Movement of the thumb back to its anatomical position.

Dorsiflexion

Dor·si·flex·ion:
Dorsiflexion: (dorsum = back; 'flectere = to bend)

Definition: Movement that brings the foot closer to the shin.

Plantarflexion

Plan·tar·flex·ion:
Plantarflexion: (planta = sole of foot; flectere = to bend)

Definition: Movement at the ankle joint where the top of the foot and toes point away from the leg, or downward.

Protraction

Pro·trac·tion:
Protraction: (pro = forward; trahere = to draw)

Definition: Movement of a body part forward.

Retraction

Re·trac·tion:
Retraction: (re = back; trahere = to draw)

Definition: Movement of a body part backward.

Supination

Su·pi·na·tion:
Supination: (supinus = lying on the back)

Definition: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward.

Pronation

Pro·na·tion:
Pronation: (pronus = bending forward)

Definition: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces backward or downward.

Elevation

El·e·va·tion:
Elevation: (elevare = to raise up)

Definition: Movement that raises a body part.

Depression

De·pres·sion:
Depression: (deprimere = to press down)

Definition: Movement that lowers a body part.

Inversion

In·ver·sion:
Inversion: (invertere = to turn upside down)

Definition: Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Eversion

E·ver·sion:
Eversion: (e = out; vertere = to turn)

Definition: Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Circumduction

Cir·cum·duc·tion:
Circumduction: (circum = around; ducere = to lead)

Definition: Circular movement of a body part.

Frontal Orbital

Fron·tal Or·bit·al:
Frontal Orbital: (frons = forehead; orbita = eye socket)

Definition: Pertaining to the forehead region.

Nasal

Na·sal:
Nasal: (nasus = nose)

Definition: Pertaining to the nose.

Oral

Or·al:
Oral: (os = mouth)

Definition: Pertaining to the mouth.

Buccal

Buc·cal:
Buccal: (bucca = cheek)

Definition: Pertaining to the cheek.

Mental

Men·tal:
Mental: (mentum = chin)

Definition: Pertaining to the chin.

Cervical

Cer·vi·cal:
Cervical: (cervix = neck)

Definition: Pertaining to the neck region.

Occipital

Oc·cip·i·tal:

Occipital: (occiput = back of the head)

Definition: Pertaining to the back of the head.

Deltoid

Del·toid:

Deltoid: (delta = delta-shaped)

Definition: Pertaining to the shoulder region.

Axillary

Ax·il·lar·y:

Axillary: (axilla = armpit)

Definition: Pertaining to the armpit.

Pectoral

Pec·to·ral:
Pectoral: (pectus = chest)

Definition: Pertaining to the chest.

Sternal

Ster·nal:
Sternal: (sternon = chest/breastbone)

Definition: Pertaining to the breastbone.

Abdominal

Ab·dom·i·nal:
Abdominal: (abdomen = belly)

Definition: Pertaining to the abdomen.

Brachial

Bra·chi·al:
Brachial: (brachium = arm)

Definition: Pertaining to the arm.

Antecubital

An·te·cu·bi·tal:

Antecubital: (ante = before; cubitum = elbow)

Definition: Pertaining to the front of the elbow.

Antebrachial

An·te·bra·chi·al:
Antebrachial: (ante = before; brachium = arm; antebrachium = forearm)

Definition: Pertaining to the forearm.

Carpal

Car·pal:
Carpal: ('carpus = wrist)

Definition: Pertaining to the wrist.

Palmar

Pal·mar:
Palmar: (palma = palm)

Definition: Pertaining to the palm of the hand.

Digital

Dig·i·tal:
Digital: (digitus = finger/toe)

Definition: Pertaining to the fingers or toes.

Inguinal

In·gui·nal:
Inguinal: (inguen = groin)

Definition: Pertaining to the groin.

Coxal

Cox·al:
Coxal: (coxa = hip)

Definition: Pertaining to the hip.

Femoral

Fem·o·ral:
Femoral: (femur = thigh)

Definition: Pertaining to the thigh.

Patellar

Pa·tel·lar:
Patellar: (patella = kneecap/small pan)

Definition: Pertaining to the kneecap.

Crural

Cru·ral:
Crural: (crus = leg/shin)

Definition: Pertaining to the leg.

Tarsal

Tar·sal:

Tarsal: (tarsus = ankle)

Definition: Pertaining to the ankle.

Dorsum

Dor·sum:

Dorsum: (dorsum = back/upper surface)

Definition: Upper surface of an organ or body part.

Plantar

Plan·tar:
Plantar: (planta = sole of foot)

Definition: Pertaining to the sole of the foot.

Olecranol

O·lec·ra·nol:
Olecranol: (olēkranon = elbow bone)

Definition: Pertaining to the back of the elbow.

Sural

Su·ral:
Sural: (sura = calf of leg)

Definition: Pertaining to the calf of the leg.

Calcaneal

Cal·ca·ne·al:
Calcaneal: (calcaneum = heel bone)

Definition: Pertaining to the heel.

Umbilical

Um·bil·i·cal:
Umbilical: (umbilicus = navel)

Definition: Pertaining to the navel belly button.

Vertebral

Ver·te·bral:
Vertebral: (vertebra = vertebra)

Definition: Pertaining to the spine.

Thoracic

Tho·rac·ic:
Thoracic: (thorax = chest)

Definition: Pertaining to the chest area.

Lumbar

Lum·bar:
Lumbar: (lumbus = loin)

Definition: Pertaining to the lower back.

Sacral

Sa·cral:
Sacral: (sacrum= sacred bone)

Definition: Pertaining to the sacrum.

Gluteal

Glu·te·al:
Gluteal: (gloutos = buttock)

Definition: Pertaining to the buttocks.

Popliteal

Pop·lit·e·al:
Popliteal: (poples = back of the knee)

Definition: Pertaining to the area behind the knee.