First, Second, and Third Worlds (1949-1975)

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and changes regarding the political and social landscape of the First, Second, and Third Worlds from 1949 to 1975, along with significant developments in women's rights during the same period.

What are the three worlds defined in the context of global development?

First World (industrially developed democracies), Second World (Communist countries), Third World (industrially undeveloped nations)

What were some anxieties in the First World during 1949-1975?

Red Scare and racism in the U.S.; Japan as an economic powerhouse.

What promise vs. reality does the Second World represent?

The promise of Communism contrasted with its realities.

What challenges did the Third World face in the context of development?

Opposition to imperialism and inequality, difficulty in charting an independent path, influenced by World Bank, IMF, and multinational corporations.

What was a significant environmental consequence of Soviet industrialization?

Soviet ecocide that led to negative health outcomes and environmental decline, such as the Aral Sea crisis and Chernobyl.

What were two major events in China during the 1950s and 1960s?

The Great Leap Forward (1958) and the Cultural Revolution (1966).

What key revolution occurred in Latin America during this period?

The Cuban Revolution.

What tensions were identified within the First World regarding rights?

Civil rights, women’s rights as highlighted by Betty Friedan and environmental concerns from figures like Rachel Carson.

What was the Prague Spring and its significance?

A reform movement in Czechoslovakia in 1968, representing challenges faced within Communist regimes.

What key organization emerged from the Third World and remained influential until the mid-1970s?

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries).

What global transition occurred after the mid-1970s?

Emergence of globalization, fall of the Soviet Union, spread of democracy and capitalism.

What trends characterize the 21st century following the mid-1970s?

A new era of religious nationalism, rise of authoritarianism, and anti-globalism.

What major women's voting milestone occurred in the Netherlands?

The Netherlands was the first country to recognize same-sex marriage in 2001.

What legislation was enacted in the U.S. in 1963 related to women’s rights?

The legislation requiring equal pay for equal work.

What was the purpose of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act passed in 1974 in the U.S.?

To prohibit banks from requiring women to have a man cosign credit applications.

Which country brought about significant anti-dowry laws in 1961?

India, though the law was largely ignored in practice.

What changes occurred regarding divorce laws in the 1960s and 1970s?

Most countries began allowing divorce, with varying terms and conditions.

When did women in Afghanistan gain and subsequently lose the right to vote?

Women gained the right to vote in 1929, but it was taken away several times until restored in 2004.

Which areas did not hold national elections, affecting women's enfranchisement?

Saudi Arabia and Brunei do not hold national elections.

What historical milestone in women's suffrage was significant before 1960?

More than half of all countries and territories granted women the right to vote before 1960.