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Middle Colonies
A region in colonial America located between New England and the Chesapeake colonies, known for its diverse population and unique society.
New Netherlands
The first multiethnic colony in North America, settled by the Dutch, known for its cultural and religious diversity.
Dutch West India Company
The company that controlled trade and established a monopoly in the New Netherlands.
Black Market
An illegal market for goods or services that operates outside of government regulation, prevalent in the New Netherlands.
New Sweden
A small colony formed by Swedish settlers in the Delaware Valley, later absorbed by the Dutch.
Beaver Wars
Conflicts between Dutch and French forces, along with their respective Native allies, over control of the fur trade (1648-1657).
Iroquois Confederacy
A political union of five tribes in New York, forming a government based on the Great Law of Peace, allowing for mutual defense and resource sharing.
Quakers
A religious group that settled Pennsylvania, known for their beliefs in equality, pacifism, and challenging societal norms.
Pennsylvania
A colony founded by William Penn as a 'holy experiment' for Quakers, advocating for religious tolerance and equality.
Gullah
A creole language that developed in the Carolinas, mixing African dialects and English, reflecting the cultural heritage of enslaved Africans.
Mercantilism
An economic policy where colonies exist to serve the economic interests of the mother country, characterized by exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.
Pueblo Revolt
A successful uprising in 1680 against Spanish authority in New Mexico, led by Pope, which temporarily expelled the Spanish for twelve years.
Francisco Menendez
A leader who established Gracia Real De Santa Teresa De Mose, the first free black community in North America, in Florida.
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