EMT 405 midterm prep 11111

Compound

A word formed from two or more whole words

Root

Foundation of a word that is not a word that can stand on its own

Combining form

A word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word

Broncho/ Pulmo

Lungs

Cardi

Heart

Gastro

Stomach

Hepat

Liver

Neur

Nerve

Nas

Nose/nasal

Or

Mouth/ Oral

Pneumo

Air or lungs

Ab

Away from

Ad

Toward or near

ante

Before

Brady

Slow/ below normal

Conta

Against

Dys

Difficult or painful

Hyper

Above normal, high

Hypo

Below normal/ low

Inter

Between

Peri

Around

Poly

Many

Post

After

Pre

Before

Super/ Supra

Above or in excess

Tachy

Above normal/ rapid

Uni

One

-ac

Pertaining to

-algia

Pain

-emisis

Vomiting

-itis

Inflammation

-ology

Study of

-plegia

Paralysis

-pnea

Breathing

-rrhea

Discharge

-spasm

Contraction

-al

Pertaining to

-ist

One who specializes in

Prefix

Word part added to the beginning of a root word to modify or qualify it's meaning.

Suffix

Word part added to the end of a root or word to complete its meaning.

Anatomy

The study of body structure

Physiology

The study of body function

Anatomic position

The standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.

Plane

A flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object

Midline

An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

To the side, away from the midline of the body.

Bilateral

On both sides

Unilateral

Limited to one side

Mid axillary line

A line drawn vertically middle of the armpit to the ankle

Anterior

The front of the body or body part

Posterior

The back of the body or body part

Ventral

Referring to the front of the body. A synonym for anterior.

Dorsal

Referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior.

Superior

Toward the head

Inferior

Away from the head, usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head.

Proximal

Closer to the torso

Distal

Farther away from the torso

Torso

The trunk of the body, or the body without the head and the extremities.

Palmar

Referring to the palm of the hand

Plantar

Referring to the sole of the foot

Mid clavicular

The line through the center of each clavicle

Abdominal quadrants

Four of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Liver, right kidney, colon, pancreas, gallbladder

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Liver, spleen, let kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Right kidney, colon, small intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, ureter, appendix.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Left kidney, colon, small intestines , major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter.

Supine

Lying on the back

Prone

Lying face down

Recovery position

Lying on the side. Also known as lateral recumbent position.

Fowler position

A sitting position.

Cardiovascular System

The system in the body that includes the heart and blood vessels, responsible for circulating blood and oxygen throughout the body.

Right Atrium

One of the chambers of the heart, located on the right side, that collects oxygen-poor blood from the body.

Left Ventricle

One of the chambers of the heart, located on the left side, that pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Systole

The contraction phase of the heartbeat, when the ventricles contract and force blood into the vessels.

Diastole

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat, when the ventricles relax and fill with blood.

Coronary Arteries

Blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Electrical Conduction System

The system in the heart that generates electrical impulses to regulate the heartbeat.

Digestive System

The system in the body responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.

Peristalsis

The process of wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract.

Small Intestine

The part of the digestive system where most of the nutrients are absorbed.

Pancreas

An organ that produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar levels.

Large Intestine

The part of the digestive system where water is absorbed and waste is formed.

Nervous System

The control center of the body, responsible for perceiving, interpreting, and responding to changes in the environment.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Topographic Anatomy

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures beneath them.

Anatomic Position

The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward with arms at the side and palms forward.

Frontal Plane

The plane that divides the body into a front and back portion.

Transverse Plane

The plane that divides the body into a top and bottom portion.

Sagittal Plane

The plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that forms the foundation to which the arms and legs are attached.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the arms, legs, and their connection points.

Cranium

The part of the skull that protects and holds the brain.

Vertebrae

The bones of the spine that protect the spinal cord.

Thorax

The part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, containing the heart and lungs.

Joint

The point where two bones come together, allowing movement.

Articular Cartilage

The thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint, allowing smooth movement.

Synovial membrane

The inner lining of the joint capsule responsible for producing synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid

A thick lubricant produced by the synovial membrane that helps reduce friction in joints.