Progressive era review

Florence Kelley

reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers

taylorism

scientific management, encouraged the development of mass production techniques and the assembly line

Gifford Pinchot

head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them

International Workers of the World

1905 - Also known as Wobblies - radical labor union created in opposition to American Federation of Labor. Followed socialist ideas based off of Karl Marx.

Eugene V. Debs

Socialist leader who won nearly a million votes as a presidential candidate while in federal prison for antiwar activities

Clayton Antitrust Act

Law that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations. Strengthened earlier antitrust legislation.

Sherman Antitrust Act

First federal action against monopolies and extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

Robert La Follette

Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary

Suffrage

the right to vote

Niagara Movement

in 1905 DuBois started this movement. Four years later he joined with white progressives sympathetic to their cause to form NAACP, the new organization later led to the drive for equal rights.

NAACP

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

Samuel Gompers

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention and National American Women's Suffrage Association.

NAWSA

The major organization for suffrage for women, it was founded in 1890 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Square Deal

Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

Ida Tarbell

Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power

Lewis Hine

Muckraker who took pictures of child laborers to expose how bad child labor was

Compulsory Education

Laws requiring parents to send their children to school

Jacob Riis

Early 1900s muckraker photographer who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers

Bull Moose

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

Tuskeegee Institute

the Alabama school started by Booker T. Washington to provide education for African Americans.

Sixteenth Amendment

Authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Seventeenth Amendment

Allowed American voters to directly elect US senators

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Nineteeth Amendment

Granted women the right to vote

Talented Tenth

W.E.B. Dubois' concept of an elite group of college educated African-Americans who would use their talents and position to eradicate segregation in American society

Temperance Movement

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Bully Pulpit

a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue.

bipartisan

supported by two political parties

Women's Christian Temperance Union

This organization was founded in 1874 and was dedicated to ending alcohol consumption. Had a motto of "do everything."

Anti-Saloon League

Founded in 1895, the league spearheaded the prohibition movement during the Progressive Era and worked to create laws to stop the consumption of alcohol.

laizzez-faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

Ghost Dance

A ritual the Native Americans performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.

W.E.B. DuBois

First black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who accommodated segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.